1. Foundations of Linguistics Turning Point Handout

2. All of the following are minimal pairs EXCEPT 1. fare / fair 2.fair / care 3.Fair / pear 4.Fare / wear

3. Which of the following words contains a consonant digraph? 1.Shirt 2.Trunk 3.Pajamas 4.Extra

4. Which of the following transcriptions best represents the way a native speaker of standard American English would pronounce the word “these”? 1. [θiyz] 2. [ðiyz] 3. [ðis] 4. [θis]

5. Which of the following best represents the stress pattern for the word “creative” in “He’s a very creative boy.” ? 1.xxX 2.Xxx 3.XXX 4.xXx

6. A non-native speaker of English may pronounce “that” as “dat”. This is an example of 1. Phoneme substitution 2. Choice of Allophone 3. Palatalization 4. Voicing

7. Which of the following is in the “passive voice”? 1.Demitry has been working nights. 2.The train is due at 3 o’clock. 3.Eva has passed her exams. 4.Dinner is being prepared.

8. Although Yih Ming quickly learned the irregular past tense (went & came). She then began to say “goed” and “comed”. This represents the concept of 1.Redundancy Reduction 2.Overgeneralization 3.Phonemic Awareness 4.L1 Transfer

9. Which term refers to the point past which the LL cannot progress without exceptional effort or motivation? 1.Fossilization 2.Pidginization 3.Reduced Speech 4.Information Gap

10. Which of the following is an example of “invented spelling”? 1.“home” for “house” 2.“bog” for “dog” 3.“elefunt” for “elephant” 4.“friend” for “friend”

11. Which of the following would be most appropriate for a beginning ESOL student who is not participating in class? 1.Create activities that require students to participate orally & interact with each other. 2.Understand that new students are often reluctant to participate and more time may be required. 3.Refer the student for special education evaluation. 4.Call the student’s parents & tell them how important class participation is.

12. Which field of study is concerned with the meaning of words, idioms, and non-literal expressions? 1.Semiotics 2. Semantics 3. Morphology 4. Syntax

13. Students in a 6th grade class are making fun of a new student’s accent. What should the teacher do? 1.Plan after school speech remediation. 2.Ask all students to speech more slowly and clearly to be understood. 3.Use an adult volunteer to read to the new student & model standard dialect. 4.Expose the class to others who speak with dialectical variations to show the value of diversity

14. An instructional activity that focuses on specific minimal pairs would assist ESOL students by 1.Helping them distinguish between different sounds in English. 2.Familiarizing them with how native speakers interact in English. 3.Comparing English sounds to sounds present in the home language. 4.Centering their attention on English spelling patterns.

15. Which of the following is NOT true of Cummins’ cognitive academic language proficiency? 1.It is context reduced. 2.It is critical to success in formal educational settings. 3.It is needed to engage in social discourse effectively. 4.It takes longer to acquire than basic interpersonal communication skills.

16. The study of morphology includes all the following EXCEPT 1.Meaning of suffixes & prefixes 2.Combining words to make new words 3.Inflecting nouns & verbs 4.Sound-to-letter correspondence

17. Which activity focuses on students’ development of metalinguistic awareness? 1.Explain to a peer how to make a paper airplane… to a 4-year old. 2.Explain how changing “It’s mine” to “It’s mine?” changes the sentence meaning. 3.Study a list of 10 words with plural endings. Which rule can you think of that explains how to add plural endings? 4.Based on what’s been learned in class, put these rocks in bins marked “igneous”, etc.

18. Which activity focuses on students’ ability to switch register? 1.Explain to a peer how to make a paper airplane... to a 4 year-old. 2.Explain how changing “It’s mine” to “It’s mine?” changes the sentence meaning. 3.Study a list of 10 words with plural endings. What rule can you think of that explains how to add plural endings. 4.Based on what’s been learned in class, put these rocks in bins marked igneous, etc.

19. Which activity asks students to interpret paralinguistic features of communication? 1. Explain to a peer how to make a paper airplane… to a 4-year old. 2.Explain how changing “It’s mine” to “It’s mine?” changes the sentence meaning. 3.Study a list of 10 words with plural endings. Which rule can you think of that explains how to add plural endings? 4.Based on what’s been learned in class, put these rocks in bins marked “igneous”, etc.

20. Who’s /whose, sun/son, feet/feat These word pairs can best be described as 1.Antonyms 2.Synonyms 3.Homophones 4.Allophones

21. A native speaker of English would be most likely to use a rising intonation at the end of which of the following utterances? 1.Would you like some coffee? 2.I’m from Wisconsin. 3.He switched with Elizabeth. 4.Do you want it long or short?