1. "United we stand, divided we fall..."
Shushma Manandhar Deputy Director of Studies
PSTD,NASC,Jawalakhel

2. Today we are covering
Need of Team Work
Group Dynamics and Team Roles
Team Building Process and Skills

3. Everybody's Story
This is a story about four people: Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody.
There was an important job to be done and Everybody was asked to do it.
Everybody was sure Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it.
Somebody got angry about that because it was Everybody's job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn't do it.
It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when actually Nobody asked Anybody.

10. Will you choose to be alone or in a group to write the following question ?
What are the downsides of working in a group ? write at least 5 difficulties in 5 minutes.

11. Why do we join Teams ? What are the benefits and down sides of working in team ?

12. Benefits Better outputs Time saving Sharing ideas and learn new things
Enhance knowledge and skills
Building relationship
Get protections
Reduce stress
Effective decisions
Hide weakness
Fun and enjoy

13. Downsides of a team
Only a few people may contribute. They may dominate the group
(others are silent, indifferent, afraid to contribute)
Shy and introvert members can’t learn
Different perceptions may lead to misunderstandings
Arguments and disagreements may arise
That may spoil the relationship
Time and resources consuming

14. Teams don’t work without teamwork
Teams don’t work without teamwork. It is the glue which keeps a team together, the oil that makes the team work.

15. Team work
“It is the ability to work together toward a common vision. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results.”
-Andrew Carnegie
It is the skill of mixing with people .

16. Team work skills Understanding others
Listening (listen first, speak second)
Communicating (Questioning, answering, follow up)
Persuading / participating
Respecting/ acknowledging / trusting
Helping / sharing

17. Able Leader
Supportive Members
Effective Team

18. "various activities undertaken
to motivate and increase
the overall performance of the team"

19. Activities within a TEAM
Instructions
Supervision
Motivation
Commitment towards task
Communication Cooperation
Trust/Respect

20. Stages in Team Building (American organizational psychologist Bruce Tuckman in 1965)
1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning

21. Forming Stage of initial orientation and interpersonal testing
The members of the team get to know one another,
Seeking and exchange some personal information, and make new friends
Desire to be accepted by others
Gathering impressions about each other

22. Storming Stage of conflict over the task and the way of operating
Conflict arises for power, leadership and decision making
competition and strained relationships among team members. (emotional and tensed)
This is the most critical stage for the team. 

23. Norming Agree with others to make the team function Roles are defined
 At this stage, come to a mutual plan for the team
Agree with others to make the team function
Roles are defined
Rules, values, behaviour, method and procedures are established

24. Performing By this time, members are motivated and knowledgeable.
Competent, autonomous and able to handle the decision-making process without supervision.
Participative
Strong commitment
Achievement oriented

25. Adjourning (Deforming or Mourning)
Task complete
Revision, analysis and evaluation of achievements
Strategies
Disassembled

26. The story of hedgehogs
The best relationship is not the one that brings together perfect people,
but when each individual learns to live with the imperfections of others
and
can admire the other person's good qualities.

27. Group Dynamics and Roles
Kurt Lewin, a social psychologist and change management expert, used the term "Group Dynamics" in early 1940s first time.
Expressed the roles and behaviours of people when they work in a group

28. Who might be sacrificed
Team work exercise

29. Belbin's Team Role Theory
Dr Meredith Belbin, a british researcher identified mainly 3 Team Roles
Action Oriented- (Shaper, implementer, completer finisher) -
See obstacles as challenges, courageous to push things, extroverted and stimulate others.
They put ideas and concepts into practical actions.
Typically conservative, disciplined who work systematically and efficiently, perfectionist but may be inflexible and somewhat resistant to change.

30. cont.
People Oriented-
(Coordinator, Team worker, Resource Investigator)-
Supportive and caring to the people. negotiator, flexible, diplomatic and popular but indecisive
Extroverted, overly optimistic but lose enthusiasm quickly

31. cont. Thought Oriented- (Plant, Monitor Evaluator, Specialist)-
Bring new ideas and concepts, innovators, knowledgeable, pride themselves for their ability, introverted, impractical, poor communicators, carefully weigh pros and cons, critical thinker, unemotional

32. There might be many characters in a team
Lion (autocrat): tries to dominate or constantly interrupt
Owl (show Off): talks and thinks as they know all the answers.
Butterfly (opportunist): keeps changing the topic before others are ready.
Hyena (aggressor): doesn't show respect to others, comments negatively about them.

33. Sheep (avoider): refuses to focus on the task or on group relationship problems.
Monkey (Critic): always sees the negative side to any argument, but never suggests alternatives. Puts down the ideas of others.
Cat (help seeker): looks for sympathy from others
Frog (Irritator): uses the group as a forum for inappropriate talk about self.

34. Pigeon (Clown): shows no involvement in group and engages in distracting communication.
Dog (loyal): obey his master without any hesitation
Cow ( harmless): work in their own pace, don't hurt others but much chances of being hurt by others

35. Team Roles 1.White Hat - Facts and Figures
Edward De Bono's Six thinking hats (1985)
(the father of lateral thinking)
1.White Hat - Facts and Figures
Focusing on relevant objectives, data are available
2.Red Hat - Emotions and Feelings
Explore any emotions provided valid information that also be considered.

36. Team Roles 3 Black Hat - Critical thinking.
the devil's advocate. Ask what is wrong with it, why it will not work ?
4. Yellow Hat - speculative positive Optimistic, highlight the potential benefits. Ask what if and take the idea further.

37. Team Roles 5. Green Hat - Creative and Lateral
Think about related ideas. Try to make links and think new and different directions.
Blue Hat - Control of thinking
Think about the person (you) and team. Examine the process for approaching the problem.

38. Case

39. What will you do to make your team effective
What are the elements ?

40. A boat does not go forward if each one is rowing their own way.
So the target must be in same direction
Group purpose must be the same
(right direction-sai mandir)

41. we For better Team Work So there should be collective effort
There is no “I” in
“TEAMWORK”.
It’s less me
more we
So there should be collective effort

42. Strong Leadership - always at the top
The more able leader, more effective the team.

43. Leader must have good vision, more knowledge, skill and tactics
takes little more share of blame and less of credit
is a facilitator, not only an order giver
a good listener/ motivator
does ordinary thing extra ordinarily

44. Understanding, Trust and Mutual Respect
Feeling free to share opinions and problems
Protecting and loyalty

45. How can be trust built ? Being Positive Fact Sharing Cooperation
Gaining trust in others, its not a easy job, but when you get it, things will be easier.
How can be trust built ?
Being Positive
Fact Sharing
Cooperation
Responsiveness
Commitment
Caring and Respecting

46. Proper knowledge and skill
Clear roles and responsibilities
Proper knowledge and skill

47. Building Trust and Empathy
Trust Brings respect and good interpersonal relation.
Creates an easy and learning environment

48. Effective communication is a vital part of any team .
Prompt and tactful communication can clear things in time ( the beggar)
Communicate without hurting anyone's emotions (.....the fence)
It is a medium to tie the members in a harmony

49. Plan your project, your idea
Well preparation is half done.
Failing to plan = planning to fail
Plan your work, work to plan

50. Have empathy
Always put yourself in other's shoes, look the things from their side too. Cooperate

51. Never say, NO, that's not my job !
The strength of the team is each individual member…
The strength of each member is the team.

52. Don't think that the problem is non of my business ( mouse trap)
Face the problems and find out the solutions

53. No one is perfect, know the limitations
When we have problem, don't blame it others, lets share it whatever if it is credit or blame.

54. Common faith
Celebrate and reward team achievements

55. Do respect others, others respect you back
Michael,
If you can’t pass,
you can’t play.
Coach Dean Smith to Michael Jordan.

56. The greatest enemy in a TEAM is ..............Ego, so

57. Never let ego come into your group

58. Unity is the strength

59. Basic elements of effective teamwork
Summing up
Basic elements of effective teamwork
Strong leadership
Clear Roles and responsibilities
Effective communication
Collaboration
Participative decision-making
Commitment and accountability
Learning and sharing
Supervision and monitoring
Flexibility

61. Any query ?

62. Appendix B: “Are We a Team?” checklist (Levin & Kent, 2001)
We all show equal commitment to our objective.
We all take part in deciding how work should be allocated.
We are committed to helping each other learn.
We acknowledge good contributions from team members.
We handle disagreements and conflicts constructively within the team.
We are able to give constructive criticism to one another and to accept it ourselves.
We all turn up to meetings and stay to the end.
We are good at making sure that everyone knows what’s going on.
When one of us is under pressure, others offer to help him or her.
We trust each other.
We remain united even when we disagree.
We support each other to outsiders.
We feel comfortable and relaxed with one another.