1. Cyberbullying Julie Phillips North Texas University

2. Cyberbullies  All ages, genders, races, socioeconomic levels  Most often bully for entertainment  Cybervictims 9 times more likely to become cyberbullies  Numbers have not increased over a 6 year period  Frequent Internet users  Heavy users  Rate themselves and experts  Anonymity  Girls cyberbully more often than traditional bulling

3.  40% of children are cyberbullied  Occurs non-stop 24/7  47% Have witness cyberbullying online

4. Texting Calling Emailing Instant Messaging Online gaming Virtual Worlds Interactive Rating Sites Sending Pictures or Videos Methods

5. Attacks  Direct Attack  Text messaging  Blog posts  Sending pictures or videos  Polling websites  Interactive gaming  Indirect Attack  Warning wars  Identity theft  Incorrect reporting of “abusive” or “spam” postings Methods

6. Profile  Academically gifted less likely to be cyberbullied  Socially isolated more likely to be cyberbullied  Girls  Chat rooms (27%)  Text messages (22%)  Email (14%)  Picture and video cyberbullying has greatest effect Cybervictim

7. Age  66% go online daily  75% have social media accounts  78% have been using Internet for more than three years  35% of middle school children have be cyberbullied  46% of high school children have been cyberbullied Most common cybervictim age 15-16 Cybervictim

8. Effects  More devastating than traditional bullying  Victim does not know the identity of attacker  Quick dissemination of information  Continuous attacks Cybervictim

9. Cyberbullying Results  Family problems  Academic problems  School delinquency  Delinquent behavior  School violence  Hurt themselves or others  Eating disorders  Substance abuse  Frustration  Anger  Sadness  Post-traumatic stress disorder  Depression  Suicidal thoughts  Low self esteem

10. Consequences  Very little fear of exposure  Loss of Internet privileges/account suspended  Service provider  Specific website access  Misdemeanor charges files for cyberharrassment  State and federal charges  Identify theft

11. Prevention  Who is responsible authority ?  Parents  Schools  Law Enforcement Prevention

12. Law Enforcement Parents Schools Prevention Children Who is Responsible?

13. Children  Awareness  Safe Internet usage taught in Elementary School  What is cyberbullying  Avoidance  Block text messages or emails  Changing phone numbers or email accounts  Gender  Male- physical retaliation  Female  Confide in a friend  Stay off line  Did nothing Prevention

14. Parents Prevention

15. Schools Prevention

16. Law Enforcement Prevention

17. Students helping Students  You are not alone http://www.teachingideas.co.uk/themes/stayingsafe online/index.htm?utm_content=buffer3d4d0&utm_m edium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_ca mpaign=buffer https://www.facebook.com/education

18. Videos http://commons.wikimedia. Justin Bieber Demi Lovato Cyberbullying the movie Prevention

19. Cyberbullying Videos Justin Bieber Demi Lovato Cyberbully The Movie Prevention

20. References  Aftab, P., & WiredSafety Group. (2012). Stop cyberbullying. Retrieved from www.stopcyberbullying.org  Akbulut, Y. (2011). Bullying: New bullying study. Education Letter. Retrieved from www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademicstudy  Bhat, C. Chang, S., & Linscott, J. (2010) Addressing cyberbullying as a media literacy issue. New Horizons in Education. 58(3), 34-43.  Burgess-Proctor, A., Patchin, J. W. & Hinduja, S. (2009). Cyberbullying and online harassment: Reconceptualizing the victimization of adolescent girls (p. 162-176). In V. Garcia and J. Clifford (Eds.). Female Crime Victims: Reality Reconsidered. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.  Cetin, B., Eroglu, Y., Peker, A., Akbaba, S., & Pepsoy, S. (2012). The investigation of relationship among relational-interdependent self- construal, cyberbullying, and psychological disharmony in adolescents: an investigation of structural equation modeling. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 12(2), 646-653.  Gaggle. (2010). Gaggle launches strategic partnership with CyberSmart!. Technology Business Journal. Retrieved from www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic  Greenhow, C. (2010). New concept of citizenship for the digital age. Learning & Leading with Technology, 37(6), 24-25  Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2011). High-tech cruelty. Educational Leadership, 68(5), 48-52.  Hoff, D., & Mitchell, S. (2009). Cyberbullying: Causes, effects, and remedies. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(5), 652-665. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09578230910981107  Kowalski, R., Limber, S., & Agatston, P. (2008). Cyber bullying: Bullying in the  digital age. Malden, MA: Blackwell.  Lenhart, A., Purcell, K., Smith, A., & Zickuhr, K. (2010). Social media and young adults. Retrieved from Pew Internet and American Life Project at www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Social-Media-and-Young-Adults.aspxwww.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Social-Media-and-Young-Adults.aspx  Lenhart, A. (2009). Cyberbullying what the research is telling us. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/PewInternet/cyberbullying-what-the-research-is-telling-us?type=presentation http://www.slideshare.net/PewInternet/cyberbullying-what-the-research-is-telling-us?type=presentation  Munn, D. (2013). Cyberbullying requires a balanced approach. Guelph Mercury. Retrieved from SIRS Researcher.  National Crime Prevention Council. (2007). Teens and cyberbullying. Retrieved from http://www.ncpc.org/resources.  Nassau County District Attorney. (2012). Justin Bieber on cyberbullying. Retrieved from www.youtube.com/watch?v=loo3ZwM79sQwww.youtube.com/watch?v=loo3ZwM79sQ

21. References  Niemeyer, S. (2008). A legal analysis of anti-bullying laws in the united states: Are the laws adequate to address cyberbullying? (Order No. 3361193, The University of Mississippi). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 147. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304532086?accountid=7113. (prod.academic_MSTAR_304532086).  Patchin, J., & Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying research center. Retrieved from http://www.cyberbullying.us.  Patchin, J., & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: A preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4(2), 148-169.  Secret Deodorant. (2012). Don’t be a cyberbully. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/user/SecretDeodorant?feature=watch  Siegle, D. (2010). Cyberbullying and sexting: Technology abuses of the 21st century. Gifted Child Today, 33(2), 14-16.  Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376-385.  Stauffer, S., Heath, M., Coyne, S., & Ferrin, S. (2012). High school teachers' perceptions of cyberbullying prevention and intervention strategies. Psychology In The Schools, 49(4), 352-367.  Toshack, T., & Colmar, S. (2012). A cyberbullying intervention with primary-aged students. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2(2) 268-278.  United States Department of Justice. (nd). Stop cyberbullying before it starts. Retrieved from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cds/internet_safety/NCPC/  Stop%20Cyberbullying%20Before%20It%20Starts.pdf  Wade, A. & Beran, T. (2011) Cyberbullying: The new era of bullying. Canadian Journal of School Psychology. (26)1 44-61.  Walrave, M., & Heirman, W. (2011). Cyberbullying: Predicting victimization and perpetration. Children & Society, 25(1), 59-72.  Wright, V. H., Burnham, J. J., Inman, C. T., & Ogorchock, H. N. (2009). Cyberbullying: using virtual scenarios to educate and raise awareness. Journal Of Computing In Teacher Education, 26(1), 35-42.  Ybarra M., & Mitchell K., (2004). Online aggressor⁄targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45: 1308–1316. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00328.x.