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ENVIROTHON SOILS STATION INTENT AND PURPOSE (you might want to sit up close for these) 1
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SOIL FORMATION SOIL FORMATION LANDFORM – gullies, hills, mtns, CLIMATE – freezing, thawing ORGANICS – life cycles PARENT MATERIAL – mineral sources TIME – long time, eons, mega yrs. 2
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Biologial Diversity is Essential 3
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Diversity in different Ecosystems 4
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Where are the most fertile soils? National Geographic, September 2008 5
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ARABLE PART of the EARTH 6
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PARTICLE SIZE 9
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Soil Color 10
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STRUCTURE 13
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Web Soil Survey 14
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Soil Survey Program Web Soil Survey 19
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Soil Survey Program Web Soil Survey –Requires only a computer with (fast) internet connection to use –No signups/passwords/email addresses required –Maps made without specialized software, instantly –Robust analysis capabilities without specialized software 20
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94% of the country has been mapped 96% of private land has been mapped Utah has about 3 million acres of private land left to be surveyed Soil Survey Program Web Soil Survey-Data Availability 21
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Soil Survey Program Web Soil Survey Low Tech.--------------------Most People----------------------High Tech. 22
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Soil Survey Program Web Soil Survey EASY TO USE... just 3 steps: 1) Define 2) View/Explore 3) Check Out http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/ 23
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Area of Interest 24
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EXAMPLE SOIL MAP 25
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Building Materials Map 26
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Building Materials Ratings 27
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Eight Capability Classes 28
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WHY ALL THE FUSS? FUSS? 29
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Factors that affect erosion –Slope –Texture –Cover –Climate (rain and runoff) –Temperatures –Wind Types of Erosion – Splash Zone –Rill erosion –Gully erosion –Wind erosion –Sheet erosion –Streambank erosion Sustainable Agriculture and Erosion 30
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Erosion Control –Contour Planting: plant crops around the curve of a hill rather than up and down the hill. –Terraces: wide ridges that go around a hill to prevent water from rushing down the hill too fast. –Forest and Grass Areas: keep steep hillsides in trees or grass rather than clear for cropland. –Grassed Waterways: plant grass and don’t plow low areas in a field where water usually runs. Sustainable Agriculture and Erosion Control 31
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Erosion Control –Windbreak: rows of trees planted to slow down the wind and prevent soils from blowing –Cover Crop: a crop planted between harvests reduces soil erosion and replenishes the soil with nutrients and organic matter –Conservation Tillage –Crop Rotation: rotate the type of crop planted so that the nutrients are not depleted http://www.dubuqueswcd.org/page5.html Sustainable Agriculture and Erosion Control 32
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QUESTIONS Ray.grow@ut.usda.gov 801 524-4253 33
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