2. Final Exam Review Pathological Conditions ©Richard L. Goldman April 4, 2003 from: Delmar’s Comprehensive Medical Terminology

3. © Richard L. Goldman Delmar's Comprehensive Medical Terminology 2 cystitis glomerulonephritis (acute) hydronephrosis nephrotic syndrome polycystic kidney disease voiding cystourethrography Inflammation of the urinary bladder. Inflammation of the glomerulus Distension of the pelvis and calyces caused by blockage Damaged glomerulus resulting in proteinuria Grapelike cysts replace kidney tissue - hereditary X-ray of bladder and urethra during radio- opaque voiding of the bladder

4. © Richard L. Goldman Delmar's Comprehensive Medical Terminology 3 anorchism balanitis benign prostatic hypertrophy carcinoma of the prostate carcinoma of the testes cryptorchidism (cryptorchism)cryptorchism epispadias hypospadias hydrocele impotence inguinal inguinal hernia orchitis phimosis premature ejaculation prostatitis varicocele Absence of one or both testicles Inflammation of the glans penis Noncancerous enlargement of prostate Malignant growth within the prostate Malignant growth on the testes Undescended testicle(s) Urethra opens on upper side of penis Urethra opens on underside of penis Accumulation of fluid in cavity or duct Inability to achieve an erection Protrusion through inguinal region Inflammation of the testes Tightness of the foreskin Early discharge of semen Inflammation of the prostate gland Dilation of spermatic cord veins

5. © Richard L. Goldman Delmar's Comprehensive Medical Terminology 4 carcinoma of the breast cervical carcinoma endometrial carcinoma ovarian carcinoma fibrocystic breast disease fibroid tumor leiomyoma ovarian cyst vaginitis cervicitis pelvic inflammatory disease bacterial vaginosis candidiasis toxic shock syndrome cystocele endometriosis Malignant tumor of the breast Malignant tumor of the cervix Malignant tumor of the lining of the uterus Malignant tumor of the ovaries Benign cysts in the breast Benign fibrous tumor of uterus Benign smooth muscle tumor of uterus Benign cysts on or near ovaries Inflammation of vagina and vulva Inflammation of cervix Infection of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis, PID) Infection of vagina by overgrowth of Gardnerella Infection of vagina by Candida albicans (yeast)Candida Poisoning by toxin-producing bacteria in vagina Protrusion of bladder through vaginal wall Growth of endometrial tissue outside of uterus

6. © Richard L. Goldman Delmar's Comprehensive Medical Terminology 5 AIDS genital herpesherpes genital warts gonorrhea chlamydia syphilis trichomoniasis Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Viral infection of genitals - herpes simplex virus Viral induced growth on genitals - HPV Bacterial infection of the urinary tract Bacterial infection of cervix or urethra Bacterial infection – progressive, genitals to body Protozoal infection – vagina, urethra, prostate

7. © Richard L. Goldman Delmar's Comprehensive Medical Terminology 6 abortion abruptio placenta ectopic pregnancy gestational diabetes hydatidiform mole hyperemesis gravidarum incompetent cervix placenta previa Rh incompatibility pregnancy-induced hypertension Termination before fetus is viable outside of uterus Premature separation of placenta from uterus Implantatation of fertilizes ovum outside of uterus Inability to metabolize carbohydrates Cysts form in chorion – unsuccessful pregnancy Severe vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss Premature dilation – spontaneous abortion Placenta is implanted low in the uterus Rh negative mother and Rh positive baby PIH - hypertension during pregnancy

8. © Richard L. Goldman Delmar's Comprehensive Medical Terminology 7 achalasia anal fistual aphthous stomatitis celiac disease chronic polyposis cirrhosis colerectal cancer Crohn’s disease dental caries diverticular disease dysentery esophageal varices gallstones hemorrhoids hepatitis hernia herpetic stomatitis Hirschsprung’s disease ileus Decrease mobility of lower esophagus Additional passageway through skin from recum Canker sores – noninfectious ulcers on lip, tongue, and mouth Malabsorption caused by gluten sensitivity Large number of polyps in large bowel Degenerative liver disease Malignant neoplasm in the large intestine Chronic digestive tract inflammation with fever and diarrhea Tooth decay Small herniations of the colon Intestinal inflammation Swollen, twisted veins in distal end of esphogas Cholesterol stones in the gallbladder Permanently distended veins in the distal rectum or anus Inflammation of the liver Protrusion through a break in a muscular wall Inflammatory lesion caused by herpes simplex Absence of autonomic ganglia that stimulates peristalsis Obstruction of the intestine

9. © Richard L. Goldman Delmar's Comprehensive Medical Terminology 8 intestinal obstruction intussusception irritable bowel syndrome oral leukoplakia pancreatitis peptic ulcer periodontal disease thrush ulcerative colitis volvulus Obstruction of the intestine Telescoping a portion intestine into another portion Increased motility of the small or large bowel Precancerous lesion in the mouth Inflammatory condition of the pancreas Break in the mucous lining of the gastrointestinal tract Gum disease Fungal infection of mouth and throat – Candida albicans Break in the mucous lining of the colon Twisted bowel