1. Chapter Thirteen: Managing Your Fertility © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-1

2. Birth Control vs. Contraception Birth control refers to all procedures (umbrella term) Birth control refers to all procedures (umbrella term) Contraception procedures are used to decrease chances of fertilization of an ovum (more specific) Contraception procedures are used to decrease chances of fertilization of an ovum (more specific) © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-2

3. Selecting Your Contraception Method Safety Safety Effectiveness Effectiveness Reliability Reliability Reversible Reversible Affordability Affordability Ease of use Ease of use Interference with sexual expression Interference with sexual expression © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-3

4. Current Birth Control Methods Method Theoretical Effectiveness No method 15% Withdrawal96% Periodic abstinence 91-99% Cervical cap 91% Spermicide94% Diaphragm with spermicide 94% Male condom 97% Male condom with spermicide 99% Female condom 95% © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-4

5. Current Birth Control Methods (cont’d) Method Theoretical Effectiveness IUD, copper / progestin 99%+ / 98% Combined pill 99%+ Minipill99%+ Depo-Provera (3 month) 99%+ Lunelle (1 month) 99%+ Contraceptive Ring 99%+ Tubal ligation 99%+ Vasectomy99%+ Contraceptive Patch 99%+ © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-5

6. Periodic Abstinence © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-6

7. Vaginal Spermicide © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-7

8. Birth Control Pills © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-8

9. Cervical Cap © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-9

10. Sterilization Vasectomy – separating vas deferens Vasectomy – separating vas deferens Tubal ligation – separating fallopian tubes Tubal ligation – separating fallopian tubes © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-10

11. Abortion – Termination of a Pregnancy First trimester procedures First trimester procedures Menstrual extractionMenstrual extraction Vacuum aspirationVacuum aspiration Dilation and curettage (D&C)Dilation and curettage (D&C) Medical abortionMedical abortion Mifepristone (RU-486) Mifepristone (RU-486) Methotrexate Methotrexate © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-11

12. Abortion – Termination of a Pregnancy (cont’d) Second trimester procedures Second trimester procedures Dilation and evacuation (D&E)Dilation and evacuation (D&E) Hypertonic saline solutionHypertonic saline solution Prostaglandin procedureProstaglandin procedure © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-12

13. Abortion – Termination of a Pregnancy (cont’d) Third trimester procedures Third trimester procedures HysterotomyHysterotomy HysterectomyHysterectomy © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-13

14. Pregnancy Obstacles to fertilization Obstacles to fertilization Acid levels in vaginaAcid levels in vagina Thickening of cervical mucusThickening of cervical mucus Location of cervical opening for spermLocation of cervical opening for sperm Location of current fallopian tube for spermLocation of current fallopian tube for sperm © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-14

15. Pregnancy (cont’d) Obstacles to fertilization, cont’d Obstacles to fertilization, cont’d Distance for spermDistance for sperm Movement of sperm “upstream”Movement of sperm “upstream” Location of egg due to contoured folds of tubal wallsLocation of egg due to contoured folds of tubal walls © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-15

16. Pregnancy (cont’d) Aids to fertilization Aids to fertilization Number of spermNumber of sperm Deposition of spermDeposition of sperm Accessory gland productionAccessory gland production Uterine contractionsUterine contractions Movement of spermMovement of sperm © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-16

17. Pregnancy (cont’d) Aids to fertilization, cont’d Aids to fertilization, cont’d Life of spermLife of sperm Consistency of mucusConsistency of mucus © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-17

18. Signs of Pregnancy [Probable signs] Frequency of urination Frequency of urination Increased size of abdomen Increased size of abdomen Cervix becomes softer Cervix becomes softer Positive pregnancy test Positive pregnancy test © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-18

19. Childbirth Stage 1 – effacement and dilation of the cervix Stage 1 – effacement and dilation of the cervix Stage 2 – delivery of fetus Stage 2 – delivery of fetus Stage 3 – delivery of afterbirth (placenta) Stage 3 – delivery of afterbirth (placenta) © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All Rights Reserved. 13-19