1. Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 1856-1939 one of the most creative periods in history of science one of the most creative periods in history of science 1859 -- publication of book that rocked scientific theory 1859 -- publication of book that rocked scientific theory Origin of Species Origin of Species Charles Darwin Charles Darwin

2. psychic life can be represented by 3 levels of consciousness psychic life can be represented by 3 levels of consciousness A) conscious A) conscious B) pre-conscious B) pre-conscious C) unconscious C) unconscious Levels of Consciousness How personality is organized

3. 1) Much of our behavior is not freely chosen - but determined by nature and strength of intrapsychic forces 1) Much of our behavior is not freely chosen - but determined by nature and strength of intrapsychic forces 2) Forces usually operate unconsciously and we are largely unaware of true motives 2) Forces usually operate unconsciously and we are largely unaware of true motives 3) The form these forces take is deeply affected by childhood experiences and family 3) The form these forces take is deeply affected by childhood experiences and family Levels of Consciousness How personality is organized

4. Almost all mental activity takes place unconsciously. Almost all mental activity takes place unconsciously. Things we forget do not disappear from the mind, but go to the unconscious Things we forget do not disappear from the mind, but go to the unconscious Material is not passively forgotten, but actively forgotten -- forced out of consciousness by process called repression. Material is not passively forgotten, but actively forgotten -- forced out of consciousness by process called repression. Levels of Consciousness How personality is organized

5. The Necessity of Interpretation The Necessity of Interpretation If Freud is correct, that origins of behavior is buried deep in the psyche, psychology must engage in “interpretation” revealing the hidden, intrapsychic motives. Interpretation Freud’s tool. If Freud is correct, that origins of behavior is buried deep in the psyche, psychology must engage in “interpretation” revealing the hidden, intrapsychic motives. Interpretation Freud’s tool. Manifest content - surface meaning Manifest content - surface meaning Latent content - true, unconscious meaning. Latent content - true, unconscious meaning. Goal is to reveal, via interpretation, the latent content: the unconscious forces that cause people to do what they do Goal is to reveal, via interpretation, the latent content: the unconscious forces that cause people to do what they do Levels of Consciousness How personality is organized

6. He adopted a form of treatment where the patient talked through his or her problems. This came to be known as the "talking cure" and its goal was to locate and release powerful emotional energy that had initially been rejected or imprisoned in the unconscious mind. He adopted a form of treatment where the patient talked through his or her problems. This came to be known as the "talking cure" and its goal was to locate and release powerful emotional energy that had initially been rejected or imprisoned in the unconscious mind. Levels of Consciousness How personality is organized

7. Organization of Personality Organization of Personality Id -- Id -- –sole function of the Id is to provide for the immediate discharge of quantities of excitation (energy/tension) that are released in organism by internal/external stimulation This function of the Id fulfills the initial principle of life -- “ Pleasure Principle ” This function of the Id fulfills the initial principle of life -- “ Pleasure Principle ”

8. Organization of Personality Organization of Personality Id is the primary source of psychic energy Id is the primary source of psychic energy –does not change with the passage of time –cannot be modified by experience –driven by one consideration only and that is to obtain pleasure of instinctual needs –either the Id discharges -- or becomes bound by the EGO

9. Organization of Personality The Id retains its infantile character throughout life The Id retains its infantile character throughout life It cannot tolerate tension It cannot tolerate tension It wants immediate gratification It wants immediate gratification It is demanding, impulsive, irrational, asocial, selfish, and pleasure-loving It is demanding, impulsive, irrational, asocial, selfish, and pleasure-loving It is the spoiled-child of the personality It is the spoiled-child of the personality

10. Organization of Personality Id is the obscure and inaccessible part of the personality Id is the obscure and inaccessible part of the personality Study the Id by dreams and neurotic symptoms Study the Id by dreams and neurotic symptoms The Id does not think.... It only wishes or acts The Id does not think.... It only wishes or acts

11. Organization of Personality The EGO The EGO –excutive branch of the personality –Instead of pleasure principle // reality principle Aim of Reality Principle Aim of Reality Principle –postpone discharge of energy until actual object needed is produced

12. Organization of Personality SUPEREGO SUPEREGO –judicial branch of personality –represents the ideal rather than the real –SuperEgo is your conscience or moral overseer SuperEgo controls those impulses whose uncontrolled expression would endanger stability of society. SuperEgo controls those impulses whose uncontrolled expression would endanger stability of society.

13. Organization of Personality Id --- is the product of evolution & biology Id --- is the product of evolution & biology Ego --- interaction with environment & Cognition Ego --- interaction with environment & Cognition SuperEgo --- product of socialization SuperEgo --- product of socialization