1. Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent

2. Nematology v Basic Principles for Master Gardeners

3. Types of Nematodes v Plant Parasitic v Predatory v Entomophagous v Free Living v Marine

4. Plant Parasitic

5. Predatory

6. Entomophagous

7. Free Living

8. Marine

9. Morphology and Anatomy v Animals v Round Worms v Size 0.25mm to 3.0mm v Layered Cuticle v Vermiform, Globose, Kidney Shaped

10. Layered Cuticle

11. Vermiform

12. Globose

13. Kidney Shaped

14. Life Cycle and Reproduction v Egg - 50 to 500 v Four Juvenile Stages v Adult v Male and Female in Most Species v Life Cycle Dependant on Soil Temperatures v Move Slowly

15. Egg and Juvenile

16. Feeding v Oral Stylet or Spear v Inject Enzymes v Digest Cell Contents

17. Oral Stylet

18. Host- Parasite Relationship v Migratory Ectoparasitic –Ring, Spiral v Migratory Endoparasitic –Lesion, Burrowing v Sedentary Endoparasitic –Root-Knot, Cyst, Reniform, Citrus

19. Migratory Ectoparasitic

20. Migratory Endoparasitic

21. Sedentary Endoparasitic

22. Diagnoses v Very Difficult at Times v Poor Growth v Combination of Problems v Assay of Soil and/or Plant Tissue v Symptoms

23. Above-Ground v Rarely Sufficient v Chlorosis v Dieback v Melting out v Reduced Growth v Water Stressed

24. Reduced Growth

25. Below-Ground v Root Galls v Root Swellings v Abbreviated Root System v Root Rot v Cyst Nematodes

26. Root Galls

27. Abbreviated Root System

28. Cyst Nematodes

29. Field History v Gradual Decline v Area - Small to Large v Rotation of Crops

30. Laboratory Assay v Soil and Plant Tissue v Relative Population Densities v Economic Thresholds

31. Nematode Management v Prevention v Crop Rotation v Crop Root Destruction v Flooding and Fallowing v Resistance v Biological Control v Nematicides

32. Home Garden v Container Growing v Site Selection v Crop Rotation v Soil Tillage and Root Destruction v Amendments –Organic Matter –Green Manures

33. Home Garden v Planting Time v Nematode - Free Transplants v Resistant Varieties v Soil Solarization v Chemical Control

34. Soil Solarization v Cover for at least 4 weeks v Well Tilled v High Moisture v Slightly Raised Beds v Crown the Bed

35. Soil Solarization v Clear Polyethylene v Thin Plastic 1 to 2 mil v Leave in Place Until Planting v Avoid Contaminated Plants or Soil

36. Soil Temperatures v Tarped Soils 111 to 122 v 115 - Water Molds v 120 - Nematodes v 140 - Most Fungi v 150 - Most Soil Insects v 160 - Most Viruses and Bacteria v 170 - Most Weed Seeds

37. Ornamentals v Site Preparation v Treat Soil –Fumigation –Soil Solarazition v Replace Infested Soil v Root Barriers

38. Ornamentals v Nematode-Free Stock v Well Adapted Plants v Resistant Plants v Maintenance v Mulches v Other Pests v Chemical Control

39. Turf v Biological Controls v Resistant Plants v Chemical Control –Fumigation Before Planting

40. Resistance v Bahiagrasses - Tolerant of Most v Centipedegrasses - Ring, Sting, Sheath v St. Augustinegrasses -Sting, Lance v Bermudagrasses - Sting, Lance, Stubby v Zoysiagrasses - Most nematodes

41. Basimid Granular Use v Compost Piles v Potting Soils v Seed and Propagation Beds v Soil Media v Establishing Turf and Ornamental Sites v Not for Use in Vegetable Gardens v READ THE LABEL, IT IS THE LAW

42. Questions