2. 100 Ch 4 Minerals 400 300 200 500 100 Ch 5 Igneous Rocks 400 300 200 500 100 Ch 6 Sedimentary & Metamorphic rocks 400 300 200 500 100 Ch 21 Geologic Time 400 300 200 500 100 Ch 9 Streams 400 300 200 500

3. 1.Naturally occurring 2.Inorganic 3.Solids with specific compositions 4. Definite crystalline structures Column 1, 100

4. What are characteristics of minerals Column 1, 100

5. A diamond mineral has a mass of 75g and a volume of 25 cm 3. Calculate the density of the diamond. Column 1, 200

6. Density= Mass/Volume = 3.0 g/cm 3. Be sure you can calculate the mass when given the density. Mass= Density x Volume Column 1, 100

7. 1.Crystal form 2.Luster 3.Hardness 4.Cleavage and fracture 5.Streak 6.Color Column 1, 300

8. What tests used to identify minerals Column 1, 300

9. 1.Oxygen, O 2.Silicon, Si 3.Aluminum, Al 4.Iron, Fe 5.Calcium, Ca 6.Sulfur, S 7.Potassium, K 8.Magnesium, Mg Column 1, 400

10. What are the rock forming minerals or the most abundant minerals found in Earth’s crust Column 1, 300

11. A mineral that contains a valuable substance that can be mined at a profit Column1, 500

12. What is an ore? Column 1, 300

13. 1.Temperature 2. Pressure 3.Water Content 4.Mineral Content Column 2, 100

14. What are the 4 main factors involved in MAGMA formation Column 1, 300

15. Both ___________, measured in °C, and _______, measured in MPa, increase with depth. Column 2, 200

16. What is temperature and pressure. Column 1, 300

17. This Canadian geologist demonstrated that as magma cools and crystallizes, minerals form in predictable patterns. Column 2, 300

18. Who is N.L. Bowen? (Process is now known as the Bowen’s Reaction series.) Column 1, 300

19. 1.Mineral composition 2.Crystal size 3.Texture Column 2, 400

20. What are 3 ways to classify igneous rocks? Column 1, 300

21. When ________ cools rapidly, there is not enough time for large crystals to form resulting in _______ rocks. Column 2, 500

22. What is magma, and extrusive rocks ** What are intrusive rocks???*** Column 1, 300

23. Lithification begins with ________, (see figure 6.4, page 137). Column 3, 100

24. What is compaction? *** What is cementation? Pg 137** Column 1, 300

25. _______ is the primary feature of sedimentary rocks. Two types are _____ and ________. Column 3, 200

26. What is bedding. Two types are : Graded- particles heavy on bottom Cross- inclined layers of sediment deposited across a horizontal surface Column 1, 300

27. Column 3, 300 The most common sedimentary rocks are ______. These rocks may be _____, ________, or _____ grained.

28. What are clastic rocks? Coarse, medium and fine grained? Be sure you know the differences between the 3 grain types Column 1, 300

29. Metamorphic rocks form when preexisting rocks are exposed to increases in temperature and pressure and to hydrothermal solutions. Name and describe the 3 types of metamorphism. YOU MUST HAVE ALL 3! Column 3, 400

30. Regional metamorphism: high temp and pressure affect large regions of Earth’s crust Contact metamorphism: when molten material such as that in an igneous intrusion comes in contact with solid rock. Hydrothermal metamorphism: when very HOT water reacts with rock and alters its chemical and mineral composition Column 1, 300

31. This rock type may be in your bathroom or home. It results from the metamorphism of this rock type. Column 3, 500

32. Marble; what is limestone? Column 1, 300

33. List the units of geologic time from longest to shortest. Column 4, 100

34. Eons, eras, periods, epochs Column 1, 300

35. Scientists date rocks using these 2 methods. Column 4, 200

36. What are relative age dating and absolute age dating? Be sure you know how each method is used. Column 4, 200

37. Sometimes, the record of a past event or time period are missing. These erosion gaps result in: Column 4, 300

38. What are unconformities? Pg 598 Column 4, 300

39. Fossils with ______ ______ have been altered very little, such as Fig 21.21, pg 607. These are different from _____ fossils, which leave indirect evidence only. Column 4, 300

40. What is original preservation and trace fossils? Column 5, 100

41. In this era, mass extinction resulted in 90% of marine animals becoming extinct. Column 4, 300

42. What is the Paleozoic era? ** What is significant about the Phanerozoic eon, pg. 592 (There may be a daily double!!!) Column 5, 200

43. Rivers that flow into other streams are called:_______ Examples include the Ohio and Miss rivers. Column 4, 300

44. What are tributaries Column 5, 300

45. Calculate the discharge of a stream with an average width of 4m, and average depth of 2.5m, and average velocity of 2 m/s. Column 4, 300

46. Discharge= average width x average depth x average velocity 4m x 2.5 m x 2 m/s = 20 m 3 /s Daily double! Calculate the velocity if the discharge of this stream = 20000 m 3 /s Column 5, 400

47. During this process, a stream actively resumes the process of downcutting toward its base level. Column 4, 300

48. What is rejuvenation READ pg 237! Column 5, 500

49. According to page 238, most lakes in North America are formed in this way. Column 4, 300

50. What is by glaciers that carve depressions in the Earth Column 4, 300

51. T or F? Wetlands result from the process by which the surrounding watershed enriches bodies of water with nutrients, a process called:_______ Column 4, 300

52. Eutrophication, True Column 4, 300