1.  Acid-Base Reactions A “Basic” Introduction

2. Acids  Ionize in aqueous solutions to form H + ions  Memorize the 7 strong acids (completely ionize, never write as complete formula)  All other acids are weak and you write as the complete formula, not ions

3. Bases  Substances that react with H + ions  Memorize 8 strong acids (completely ionize)  All others are weak and do not completely ionize, write as complete formulas

4. Neutralization  Reaction that occurs when acid and base solutions are mixed to produce water and a salt: H 2 SO 4 + Ca(OH) 2  CaSO 4 + 2H 2 O  Strong acids and bases and salts would be ionized, so the net ionic looks like: 2H + + 2OH -  2H 2 O

5. Weird Acid-Base Reactions  When ionic compounds containing carbonate, sulfite, or sulfide ions react with an acid a gas is released  CO 2 from carbonate  SO 2 from sulfite  H 2 S from sulfide

6. More weirdness  Nonmetal oxides are acidic and react with bases: SO 2 + 2NaOH  Na 2 SO 3 + H 2 O  Metal oxides are basic and react with acids: Na 2 O + 2HCl  2NaCl + H 2 O

7. Really weird…  If you are having trouble figuring out the products, try adding a water to the nonmetal &/or metal oxide: SO 2 + MgO  MgSO 3 Add a water to each reactant: H 2 SO 3 + Mg(OH) 2  2H 2 O + MgSO 3 Now cancel out 2 waters on each side and you have your reaction.

8. Practice  Gaseous hydrogen chloride is bubbled through a solution of sodium hydroxide.  Aqueous potassium hydroxide is mixed with a solution of acetic acid.  Calcium hydrogen carbonate solid is added to an aqueous solution of acetic acid.  Aqueous nitric acid reacts with solid lithium sulfite.  Sulfuric acid solution is added to solid aluminum oxide.  Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through aqueous sodium hydroxide.

9. Gaseous hydrogen chloride is bubbled through a solution of sodium hydroxide.

10. Aqueous potassium hydroxide is mixed with a solution of acetic acid.

11. Calcium hydrogen carbonate solid is added to an aqueous solution of acetic acid.

12. Aqueous nitric acid reacts with solid lithium sulfite.

13. Sulfuric acid solution is added to solid aluminum oxide.

14. Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through aqueous sodium hydroxide.