1. Areas Under Any Normal Curve
Section 7.3
Areas Under Any Normal Curve

2. To Work with Any Normal Distributions
Convert x values to z values using the formula:
Then use Table 3 of the Appendix to find corresponding areas and probabilities.

3. Rounding
Round z values to the hundredths positions before using Table 3.
Leave area results with four digits to the right of the decimal point.

4. Example Let x be a normal distribution with μ = 10 and σ = 2.
Find the probability that an x value selected at random from this distribution is between 11 and 14.
Solution
Since probabilities correspond to areas under the distribution curve, we want to find the area under the x curve above the interval
x = 11 and x = 14.
To do so, we will convert the x values to standard z values and then use table 3 of the Appendix to find the corresponding area under the standard curve.
For x = for x = 14
The interval Corresponds to interval

5. Application of the Normal Curve
The amount of time it takes for a pizza delivery is approximately normally distributed with a mean of 25 minutes and a standard deviation of 2 minutes. If you order a pizza, find the probability that the delivery time will be:
between 25 and 27 minutes. a. __________
less than 30 minutes. b. __________
c. less than 22.7 minutes. c. __________
.3413
.9938
.1251

6. Inverse Normal Probability Distribution
Finding z or x values that correspond to a given area under the normal curve

7. Inverse Normal Left Tail Case
Look up area A in body of Table 3 and use corresponding z value.

8. Inverse Normal Right Tail Case:
Look up the number 1 – A in body of Table 3 and use corresponding z value.

9. Inverse Normal Center Case:
Look up the number (1 – A)/2 in body of Table 3 and use corresponding ± z value.

10. Using Table 3 for Inverse Normal Distribution
Use the nearest area value rather than interpolating.
When the area is exactly halfway between two area values, use the z value exactly halfway between the z values of the corresponding table areas.

11. When the area is exactly halfway between two area values
When the z value corresponding to an area is smaller than 2, use the z value corresponding to the smaller area.
When the z value corresponding to an area is larger than 2, use the z value corresponding to the larger area.

12. Find the indicated z score:
– 2.57
z = _______

13. Find the indicated z score:
2.33

14. Find the indicated z scores:
Solution:
Look up the number (1 – A)/2 in body of Table 3 and use corresponding ± z value.
( )/2 = .1093
–1.23
1.23
–z = _____
z = ____

15. Find the indicated z scores:
Solution:
99% = and ( )/2 = .0100/2 = .0050
± 2.58
± z =__________

16. Find the indicated z scores:
Solution:
95% = and ( )/2 = .0500/2 = .0250
± 1.96
± z = ________

17. Application of Determining z Scores
The Verbal SAT test has a mean score of 500 and a standard deviation of Scores are normally distributed. A major university determines that it will accept only students whose Verbal SAT scores are in the top 4%. What is the minimum score that a student must earn to be accepted?

18. Application of Determining z Scores
Mean = 500
standard deviation = 100
The cut-off score is 1.75 standard deviations above the mean.
The cut-off score is (100) = 675.
Assignment 15, 16 and 17

19. Example
Graph and examine a situation where the mean score is 46 and the standard deviation is 8.5 for a normally distributed set of data.
Go to Y= normalpdf(X,46,8.5) 
Adjust the window.
[20.5 , 71.5] x [0 , ] Xscl=8.5 Yscl=0 Xres=1
GRAPH.  Examine:  What is the probability of a value falling between the mean and the first standard deviation to the right? 
Answer:  approximately 34%
Notice how this percentage supports the information found in the chart at the top of this page for the percentage of information falling within one standard deviation above the mean.

20. Example
The lifetime of a battery is normally distributed with a mean life of 40 hours and a standard deviation of 1.2 hours.  Find the probability that a randomly selected battery lasts longer than 42 hours.
The most accurate answer to this problem cannot be obtained by using the chart of the standard normal distribution.  One standard deviation above the mean would be located at 41.2 hours, 2 standard deviations would be at 42.4, and one and one-half standard deviations would be at 41.8 standard deviations.  None of these locations corresponds to the needed 42 hours.  We need more power than we have in the chart.  Calculator to the rescue!!

21. Example cont.
Let's get a visual look at the situation by examining the graph.  The location of 42 hours indicates that our answer is going to be quite small.
Go to Y= normalpdf(X,40,1.2).    
GRAPH. 
NOTE:  If you do not graph first, you may not see the normal curve displayed in the answer due to the previously set window on the calculator.
Now:  What is the probability of a value falling to the right of 42 hours (between 42 hours and infinity)?    Answer:  approximately 4.8%
ShadeNorm( go to DISTR and right arrow to DRAW.   Choose #1:ShadeNorm(42,1E99,40,1.2).
ENTER.  The percentage is read from the Area =.
  ShadeNorm (lower bound, upperbound, mean, standard deviation)