2. Fish Classification Domain: Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Agnatha ( Jawless Fish) Class Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish) Class Osteichthyes ( Bony Fish)

3. Fish first appeared in the Earth’s oceans 540 MILLION years ago. Fishes are WATER - dwelling vertebrates Characteristics: SCALES FINS THROATS WITH GILL SLITS

4. SOLUTION TO POLLUTION IS DILUTION POINT SOURCE – pollution that you can point at, it comes from a specific source. NON-POINT SOURCE – pollution you can not point at; comes from run-off

5. Name that source

6. JAWLES FISH – Class Agnatha 1.) These fish are the most PRIMITATIVE of all fishes (THEY ARE THE OLDEST !) 2.) NO JAWS, SCALES, and PAIRED FINS. 3.) The entire skeleton is made of CARTILAGE. Meaning these fish do not have any BONES.

7. JAWLESS FISH – Class Agnatha 4.) The main form of support these fish have is from the NOTOCHORD. 5.) Examples: LAMPREY and HAGFISH

8. JAWLESS FISH – Class Agnatha 6.) LAMPREY has a suction-cup mouth, which is surrounded by sharp teeth. This mouth will attach to a fish and scrapes away at the fish’s skin. The lamprey then sucks up the TISSUES of its victim!

9. LAMPREY DRAW MY MOUTH IN YOUR NOTES!

10. JAWLESS FISH – class Agnatha 7.) The hagfish uses four to six short TENTACLES that sound its nostrils and mouth as its sensory organ for TOUCH. 8.) The hagfish feeds on DEAD or dying fishes by TEARING out pieces of the fish with its tongue and teeth-like structures.

11. HAGFISH

12. CARTILAGENOUS FISH – Class Chondrichthyes 1.) Cartilaginous fishes mainly include SHARKS, RAYS, and SKATES. 2.) Sharks have a skeleton made of CARTILAGE with toothlike SCALES covering their bodies (makes their skin feel like sandpaper). 3.) The body of a shark includes: a. TORPEDO-SHAPED BODY b. CURVED TAIL c. ROUNDED SNOUT WITH MOUTH UNDERNEATH

13. TIGER SHARK https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-Zk1nd_dY8 Fish are friends, not food.

14. GREAT WHITE SHARK http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-videos/what-if-there-were-no-sharkshttp://ocean.si.edu/ocean-videos/what-if-there-were-no-sharks What would happen if we got rid of sharks?

15. CARTILAGENOUS FISH – class Chondrichthyes 4.) Sharks have 3,000 very long teeth arranged in many rows inside its mouth. 5.) Sharks that eat MOLLUSCS and CRUSTACEANS have FLATTENED teeth that help them CRUSH the shells of their prey. 6.) The bodies of skates and rays are FLAT.

16. BULLNOSED RAY

17. CARTILAGENOUS FISH – class Chondrichthyes 7.) Skates and rays have two LARGE, BROAD fins that stick out from their sides. They beat these fins to MOVE through the water. 8.) Rays and skates often lie on the ocean FLOOR where they HIDE by using their fins to cover their bodies with sand. 9.) Some rays have a poisonous SPINE at the end of their long, thin tail, which is mainly used for DEFENSE rather than for catching PREY.

18. BONY FISH – Class Osteichthyes 1.) These fish have a skeleton made up of HARD BONE. 2.) There are two main categories of bony fishes: a.) LOBE- FINNED bony fishes b.) RAY- FINNED bony fishes

19. ROCK BASS

20. These eggs turn into…

21. BROOK TROUT

22. BLUEGILL SUNFISH

23. CARP

24. FLATHEAD CATFISH

25. NORTHERN PIKE

26. STRIPED BASS

27. COELACANTH

28. YELLOW PERCH

29. ATLANTIC SALMON

30. Class Osteichthyes 3.) Ray-finned bony fishes include PERCHES and SEA HORSES. 4.) COELACANTHS are the only living species of lobe-finned bony fishes.

31. Class Osteichthyes 5.) Bony fishes have an SWIM BLADDER. This gas-filled sac gives bony fishes BUOYANCY or the ability to FLOAT in water. By inflating or deflating its swim bladder, a fish can float at DIFFERENT levels in the water.

32. So why do fish “belly up” when they die?

33. Class Chondrichthyes 6.) Tuna travel in large numbers called SCHOOLS. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzZhSl_00pI&feature=related

34. Nom Nom Nom… When is the best time to fish for Tuna and other fish? http://takemefishing.org/fishing/fishopedia/how-to- fish/when-to-fish/ http://takemefishing.org/fishing/fishopedia/how-to- fish/when-to-fish/

35. 1.) Circulatory System: CLOSED circulatory system, where BLOOD is contained within blood vessels. GILLS will provide the oxygen Chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body: ATRIA Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the body: VENTRICLE

37. 2.) EXCRETORY SYSTEM Tube-like KIDNEYS that filter nitrogen- containing WASTES from the blood. Most fishes get rid of the nitrogen-containing wastes in the form of AMMONIA. This accumulation of ammonia is why you must always check the water quality of your aquariums!

38. AQUARIUM NITROGEN CYCLE

39. 3.) SENSORY DETECTION Since fishes do not hear sounds very well, fish can detect faint CURRENTS and VIBRATIONS in the water through a “ DISTANT - TOUCH ” system. Many fishes have a great sense of smell and taste. A shark can detect the presence of one drop of BLOOD in 115 liters of seawater.

40. FISH REPRODUCTION EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION The female lays EGGS in water, and the MALE will cover the eggs in sperm to allow for fertilization OUTSIDE of the body. Examples: SALMON http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/lessons/the- lifecycle-of-salmon/enhanced-video-resource/7395/

41. FISH REPRODUCTION INTERNAL FERTILIZATION Fertilization will take place in the female’s body and the female will lay a FERTILIZED egg. Examples: SHARKS

43. AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS

44. FRESHWATER VS. MARINE FISH