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General Chemistry Reaction Types
You should know these already Or maybe after a little review
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All Types of Reactions There are six types of chemical reactions:
Synthesis reactions Decomposition reactions Single displacement reactions Double displacement reactions Combustion reactions Oxidation-Reduction reactions (Later) You need to be able to identify the type of reaction This is the key to equation writing
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1. Synthesis reactions Synthesis reactions occur when two substances (generally elements) combine and form a compound. (Sometimes these are called combination reactions.) reactant + reactant 1 product Basically: A + B AB Example: 2H2 + O2 2H2O Example: C + O2 CO2 Draw a small bid eating a worm becomes big bird
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Synthesis Reactions Here is an example of a synthesis reaction
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Synthesis Reactions Hydrogen reacts with oxygen
Iron is left to oxidize completely Sodium metal is placed into fluorine gas Graphite is burned in air
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2. Decomposition Reactions
Decomposition reactions occur when a compound breaks up into the elements or in a few to simpler compounds 1 Reactant Product + Product In general: AB A + B Example: 2 H2O 2H2 + O2 Example: 2 HgO 2Hg + O2 Draw an egg hatching forming a turtle and an empty egg.
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Decomposition Reactions
A view of a decomposition reaction:
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Decomposition Reactions
Water is electrolyzed Molten calcium chloride is ionized Hydrogen peroxide is left in an open container
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3. Single Replacement Reactions
Single Replacement Reactions occur when one element replaces another in a compound. A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (-). element + compound product + product A + BC AC + B (if A is a metal) OR A + BC BA + C (if A is a nonmetal) remember the cation always goes first! Nonmetal reactivity is from top to bottom Draw man + dancing couple other man + dancing couple Men switch places
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Single Replacement Reactions
A view of a single replacement reaction:
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Single Replacement Reactions
Sodium chloride solid reacts with fluorine gas Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II) nitrate
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Single Replacement Reactions
Lithium is placed in a solution of silver nitrate Calcium bromide is treated with chlorine gas
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4. Double Replacement Reactions
Double Replacement Reactions occur when a metal replaces a metal in a compound and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal in a compound Compound + compound product + product AB + CD AD + CB Draw: Fat man with hat + thin man with hat switch hats. This man gets face covered by hat.
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Double Replacement Reactions
Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together Example: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) Another example: K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) KNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s) Show the change of places of the species 2
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Double Replacement Reactions
Sodium sulfide is mixed with hydrochloric acid Lead (II) nitrate is mixed with calcium chloride Lithium hydroxide is mixed with hydrofluoric acid
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5. Combustion Reactions Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen gas. This is also called burning!!! In order to burn something you need the 3 things in the “fire triangle”: 1) A Fuel (hydrocarbon) 2) Oxygen to burn it with 3) Something to ignite the reaction (spark)
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Combustion Reactions In general: CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O
Products in combustion are ALWAYS carbon dioxide and water. (although incomplete burning does cause some by-products like carbon monoxide) Combustion is used to heat homes and run automobiles (octane, as in gasoline, is C8H18)
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Combustion Example C5H O2 CO2 + H2O Write the products and balance the following combustion reaction: C10H O2
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Combustion Reactions Methane is burned Propane is burned
Decane is burned Propene is burned
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