2. WARM-UP – DEFINE THE FOLLOWINGWARM-UP – DEFINE THE FOLLOWING Totalitarian State: Dictator: Fascism: Nationalism:

3. DICTATORS AND THEIR SYSTEMSDICTATORS AND THEIR SYSTEMS PLUSH | Mr. Goddard | April 2009PLUSH | Mr. Goddard | April 2009

4. KEY CONCEPTSKEY CONCEPTS Totalitarian State: Government in which a one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives. Dictator: Ruler who has complete control over a government Fascism – political movement that preached intense nationalism and racism. Nationalism – Intense pride in ones country.

5. ELEMENTS OF A DICTATORSHIPELEMENTS OF A DICTATORSHIP Education and the media (newspapers, radio, film etc) are strictly controlled by the Government One person - the ‘Dictator’ - holds all of the power in the country So no elections are held because the Dictator does not allow people to choose who they want to run their country Anyone who is considered to be an enemy of the Dictator and his political party would be persecuted Only one political party is allowed to exist - the Dictator is the leader of this party, and the party helps him to run the country Dictators rely upon a large, strong and loyal army to help them to maintain their power What is a Dictator- ship?

6. COMMUNISM VERSUS FASCISMCOMMUNISM VERSUS FASCISM CommunismSimilarities of Totalitarian Rule Fascism

7. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNISMELEMENTS OF COMMUNISM CommunismSimilarities of Totalitarian Rule Fascism antidemocratic hopes for international change enemies of fascism supported by urban and agricultural workers all businesses state owned

8. ELEMENTS OF FASCISMELEMENTS OF FASCISM CommunismSimilarities of Totalitarian Rule Fascism antidemocratic hopes for international change enemies of fascism supported by urban and agricultural workers all businesses state owned antidemocratic and nationalistic enemies of communists supported by business leaders, wealthy landowners and middle class all businesses individually owned but state controlled

9. BOTH ARE TOTALITARIANBOTH ARE TOTALITARIAN Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule Fascism antidemocratic hopes for international change enemies of fascism supported by urban and agricultural workers all businesses state owned single party dictatorship state control of the economy use of police spies and terror for control strict censorship and government monopoly of the media indoctrination of youth unquestioning obedience to a single leader antidemocratic and nationalistic enemies of communists supported by business leaders, wealthy landowners and middle class all businesses individually owned but state controlled

10. WORLD WIDE DEPRESSIONWORLD WIDE DEPRESSION Millions become unemployed worldwide.Millions become unemployed worldwide. Businesses go bankrupt.Businesses go bankrupt. Governments take emergency measures to protect economies.Governments take emergency measures to protect economies. Citizens lose faith in capitalism and democracy.Citizens lose faith in capitalism and democracy. Nations turn toward authoritarian leaders.Nations turn toward authoritarian leaders. Immediate Effects Nazis take control in Germany.Nazis take control in Germany. Fascists come to power in other countries.Fascists come to power in other countries. Democracies try social welfare programs.Democracies try social welfare programs. Japan expands in East Asia.Japan expands in East Asia. World War II breaks outWorld War II breaks out. Long-Term Effects Main Point - The Great Depression had ruined economies in Europe. Many Europeans turned to new leaders to solve their problems. Who were these leaders?

11. 20 TH CENTURY DICTATORS20 TH CENTURY DICTATORS The Fascists Benito Mussolini- Italy Adolph Hitler- Germany Fransico Franco- Spain Juan Peron- Argentina The Communists Joseph Stalin - USSR Mao Zedong- China Ho Chi Minh- Vietnam Fidel Castro- Cuba Tito- Yugoslavia

12. ITALY - MUSSOLINIITALY - MUSSOLINI Italy in a deep financial depression after WWI Mussolini promised order and prosperity Introduced “fascism” Fascism: characterized by dictatorship, centralized control of private enterprise, repression of opposition, and extreme nationalism Used “Black Shirts” to impose his rule. Invades Ethiopia Makes a pact with Hitler

13. SPAIN - FRANCOSPAIN - FRANCO Fascist who overthrows the democratic government. resulted from a civil war with communists Long Civil War in Spain before WWII where he was aided by Italy and Germany Spain does not participate in WWII

14. GERMANY - HITLERGERMANY - HITLER Weimar Republic politically weak and unpopular Huge inflation Two revolutions against Weimar Republic. Once Hitler tried to seize power unsuccessfully. Went to jail. Huge inflation and Great Depression Hitler forms Nazi Party, promises reform, is elected as Chancellor in 1933 Becomes dictator by 1934

15. HITLER CONT.HITLER CONT. Totalitarian State – Nazis controlled all. Huge public works programs Big business and labor under government control Built up military Set aside Versailles Treaty and moved military into the Rhineland Indoctrinated the youth Hitler despised Christianity and began to close churches Jews were persecuted as enemies of the state

16. SOVIET UNION - STALINSOVIET UNION - STALIN The Communist dictator of the Soviet Union. the Communist dictator took over upon the death of Vladimir Lenin (led the Communist takeover of Russia in 1917.) His government tried to control every aspect of life in the nation. Ownership of production and land by the state Forced rapid industrialization Cruel purges- killed many people

17. JAPAN – TOJO & HIROHITOJAPAN – TOJO & HIROHITO Japan – The military was gaining more and more power with army General Hideki Tojo having more power than the Emperor Hirohito. Military leaders took control of gov’t Invaded Manchuria Tried to expand in the Pacific Emperor Hirohito General Hideki Tojo Prime Minister

18. FACTORS THAT STARTED WWIIFACTORS THAT STARTED WWII WWI (the harsh conditions of the Treaty of Versailles) Dictators come to power in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union Severe economic problems exist in Europe and Asia. Italy, Germany, and Japan expand their territory. The policy of appeasement fails. Germany invades Poland. Japanese attack the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor Long Term FactorsShort Term

19. MAIN POINTSMAIN POINTS The rise of dictators in Europe and Asia led to World War II. Aggressive leaders still threaten peace today.