1. Inorganic Nomenclature

2. Ionic Compounds
Composed of a Cation (+ charge) and an Anion (- charge)
Ionic compounds are electrically neutral
Ionic compounds are composed of:
A metal and a non-metal NaCl
A metal and a polyatomic anion NaNO3
A polyatomic cation and a non-metal NH4Cl
A polyatomic cation and a polyatomic anion NH4NO3

3. Cations Metals form cations with + charges
Group 1 metals form cations with a +1 charge
Cations are named with the metal’s name plus ion
Li1+ Na1+ K1+ Rb1+ Cs1+ Fr1+
Lithium ion, Sodium ion, Potassium ion, Rubidium ion, Cesium ion, Francium ion

4. Cations Group 2 metals form cations with a +2 charge
Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra2+
Beryllium ion, Magnesium ion, Calcium ion, Strontium ion, Barium ion, Radium ion

5. Cations Other metals with only one oxidation state (charge)
Al3+ Aluminum ion
Zn2+ Zinc ion
Ag1+ Silver ion
Cd2+ Cadmium ion

6. Cations
Transition Metals (Group 3-12) may have more than one oxidation state
The oxidation state of the transition metal is indicated by a Roman numeral in parenthesis after the metals name (e.g., copper(I) ion is Cu1+)
This is important: Iron(III) DOES NOT mean Fe3, it means Fe3+
Determining the charge on the transition metal means you have to know the names and charges of anions

7. Anions - Monoatomic
Monoatomic anions take the root of the element and add “-ide” (i.e., Cl1- is chloride, O2- is oxide)
Halogens (Group 17), when combined with metals, always form a negative 1 charged ion but may form positive oxidation states when combined with oxygen and other non-metals
Chalcogens (Group 16), when combined with metals, always form a negative 2 charged ion (O2-, S2-, Se2-)
Group 15, when combined with metals, always form a negative 3 charged ion (N3-, P3-, As3-)
Group 14, when combined with metals, always form a negative 4- ion (C4-, Si4-)
Hydrogen, when combined with metals, always form a negative 1 ion (H1-) When combined with noon-metals will form a plus 1 ion (H1+)

8. Anions – Polyatomic Oxygen Containing Ions
The ion with the most oxygen atoms takes the suffix –ate following the root of the first element (i.e., nitrate for NO3-)
The ion with the least oxygen atoms takes the suffix –ite following the root of the first element (i.e., nitrite for NO2-)
Other examples:
SO42- Sulfate SO32- Sulfite
PO43- Phosphate PO33- Phosphite

9. Anions – Polyatomic Oxygen Containing Ions
Other important polyatomic oxygen containing ions:
Carbonate CO32-
Oxalate C2O42-
Acetate C2H3O21-
Manganate MnO42−
Permanganate MnO41−
Chromate CrO42−
Dichromate Cr2O72-

10. Anions – Polyatomic Halogen and Oxygen Containing Ions
The ion with the most oxygen's takes the suffix –ate following the root of the first element (i.e., chlorate for ClO3-)
The ion with the least oxygen's takes the suffix –ite following the root of the first element (i.e., chlorite for ClO2-)
The ion with the one more oxygen than the –ate ion takes the prefix per before the root of the first element and the suffix –ate following the root of the first element (i.e., perchlorate for ClO4-)
The ion with one less oxygen than the –ite ion takes the prefix hypo before the root of the first element and takes the suffix –ite following the root of the first element (i.e., hypochlorite for ClO-)

11. Acids Diatomic Acids Halogen containing acids
These acids are named by adding hydro before the root of the halogen, adding –ic after the root, and adding acid
HF(aq) Hydrofluoric acid
HCl(aq) Hydrochloric acid
HBr(aq) Hydrobromic acid
HI(aq) Hydroiodic acid

12. Acids from Polyatomic Halogen- and Oxygen- Containing Anions
The acid with the most oxygen's takes the suffix –ic following the root of the first element (i.e., chloric for HClO3) and adding acid. For HClO3 the name is chloric acid
The acid with the least oxygen's takes the suffix –ous following the root of the first element (i.e., chlorous for HClO2) and adding acid. For HClO2 the name is chlorous acid
The acid with the one more oxygen than the –ic acid takes the prefix per before the root of the first element and the suffix –ic following the root of the first element (i.e., perchloric for HClO4) and adding acid. For HClO4 the name is perchloric acid
The acid with one less oxygen than the –ous acid takes the prefix hypo before the root of the first element and takes the suffix –ous following the root of the first element (i.e., hypochlorous for HClO). For HClO the name is hypochlorous acid

13. Acids from Polyatomic Oxygen-Containing Anions
The acid with the most oxygen's takes the suffix –ic following the root of the first element and adding acid
Nitrate forms HNO3(aq) nitric acid
Sulfate forms H2SO4 (aq) sulfuric acid
Phosphate forms H3PO4 (aq) phosphoric acid
The acid with the least oxygen's takes the suffix –ous following the root of the first element and adding acid
Nitrite forms HNO2 (aq) nitrous acid
Sulfite forms H2SO3 (aq) sulfurous acid
Phosphate forms H3PO3 (aq) phosphorous acid

14. Other Important Acids from Polyatomic Oxygen-Containing Anions
Carbonate ion forms H2CO3 (aq) Carbonic acid
Oxalate ion forms H2C2O4 (aq) Oxalic acid
Acetate ion forms HC2H3O2 (aq) Acetic acid