1. It’s Wednesday!, 10/24 “D” day GOAL: To review Islam in Africa. Have out your review sheets and your chapter 8 notes.

2. Question #20 Describe the “common elements” of African society.

3. Common Elements Bantu-based language Stateless Societies – Common in Africa – Governed by family & obligation – No tax, bureaucracy, army Disadvantage: Organizing public project Animistic religion – Creator deity – Personified natural forces – Witchcraft – Ancestors Economies – Increasing settled ag & specialized trade Bantu

4. Question #21 Trace how Islam entered Africa.

5. N Africa: Arrival of Islam Long part of Mediterranean world Islam quickly spread – Berbers N. Africa splintered as Abbasid weakened – Puritanical movements

6. Question #22 Describe the Sudanic states and how they were organized. – Sudanic States= kingdoms that developed in the grasslands (so grassland kingdoms of Ghana, Mali & Songhai are also considered Sudanic states).

7. W Africa: Grassland Kingdoms/Sudanic States Merchants brought Islam from N. Africa Powerful trade states: Strategically located b/t gold-rich forests on coast & salt-rich deserts & markets to north 300-1200: Ghana 1240-1500 Mali 700s-1591 Songhai

8. Question #23 How did Islam & indigenous African beliefs fuse?

9. Political & Social Life Consistently blended: – Tradition = Clans Animism Women – Islamic influence = Rulers political/religious authority Merchants Slave trade Islamization was class-based – Rulers – Merchants – Peasants maintain native traditions Blending of cultures common – Swahili – Tracing lineage

10. Question #24 Describe the connection between East Africa & Islam.

11. E Africa: Swahili Coast to Arabia to S Asia to SE Asia Islam further brings Africa into fold w/ Indian Ocean trade 1200s : City-states develop – Led by Arab elites – Traded ivory, gold, slaves from interior for foreign silk & porcelain

12. Question #25 Where did cultures develop in Africa that were not affected by Islam?

13. NE Africa: Christian Societies Three persistent societies preceded Islam – Egyptian Copts – Nubia/Kush – Ethiopia/Axum