1. Aim: In What ways did Absolute Monarchs impact Russia?

2. Peter the Great Peter the Great Curious young boy who inherited the throne at the age of ten Curious young boy who inherited the throne at the age of ten Studied western customs and technology in England Studied western customs and technology in England Westernization- adoption of western ideas, technology and culture. Westernization- adoption of western ideas, technology and culture.

3. Peter as a Autocrat and Reformer Goals to strengthen military expand borders and centralize royal power. Goals to strengthen military expand borders and centralize royal power. Forced boyars to serve in military or civilian jobs Forced boyars to serve in military or civilian jobs Boyars- landowning nobles Boyars- landowning nobles Spread serfdom allowing boyar to fulfill duties to state Spread serfdom allowing boyar to fulfill duties to state Adopted mercantilist policies to fund his reforms Adopted mercantilist policies to fund his reforms Mercantilism- policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver Mercantilism- policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver Murdered thousands of rebels as an example of his power Murdered thousands of rebels as an example of his power

4. Expansion Under Peter Expansion Under Peter Expansion Under Peter Created the largest standing army in Europe Created the largest standing army in Europe To increase Russia’s ability to trade with the West searched for a warm water port To increase Russia’s ability to trade with the West searched for a warm water port Warm water port- waterway that is free of ice all year round Warm water port- waterway that is free of ice all year round Lost war with Ottoman Empire for port in the Black sea Lost war with Ottoman Empire for port in the Black sea

5. Defeated Swedish nation for port in Baltic Sea Defeated Swedish nation for port in Baltic Sea Built St. Petersburg from land taken from the Swedes Built St. Petersburg from land taken from the Swedes St. Petersburg became a symbol of absolutism in Russia just as Versailles was to France. St. Petersburg became a symbol of absolutism in Russia just as Versailles was to France. Signed treaty with Qing, China that recognized Russia’s right to land north of Manchuria Signed treaty with Qing, China that recognized Russia’s right to land north of Manchuria

6. Legacy of Peter the Great Expanded Russian territory Expanded Russian territory Gained Ports Gained Ports Created mighty army Created mighty army Westernized Russia Westernized Russia Widened the gap between rich and poor Widened the gap between rich and poor

7. Catherine the Great Gained control of Russia after her mentally unstable husband was murdered Gained control of Russia after her mentally unstable husband was murdered Efficient Ruler Efficient Ruler Reorganized government, laws and education Reorganized government, laws and education Encouraged French customs and Ideas Encouraged French customs and Ideas

8. Ruthless Absolute Monarch Forced more peasants into serfdom Forced more peasants into serfdom Helped to achieve Peters dream of a warm water port by defeating Ottoman Empire for port in the Black sea Helped to achieve Peters dream of a warm water port by defeating Ottoman Empire for port in the Black sea Partition of Poland Partition of Poland Russia, Austria and Prussia Partition Poland Russia, Austria and Prussia Partition Poland Partition- divide up land Partition- divide up land

9. Peter the Great Peter the Great saw the long beards worn by Russian men as an sample of his country's backwardness and ordered nobles to shave their beards. Many men objected because they believed that God had a beard and that man was made in God's image. Eventually, Peter allowed men to keep their beards if they paid a tax. This cartoon shows Peter the Great, at right, clipping the beard of a protesting noble. Peter the Great saw the long beards worn by Russian men as an sample of his country's backwardness and ordered nobles to shave their beards. Many men objected because they believed that God had a beard and that man was made in God's image. Eventually, Peter allowed men to keep their beards if they paid a tax. This cartoon shows Peter the Great, at right, clipping the beard of a protesting noble.

10. How is the noble in this picture reacting to Peters Beard Policy?

11. Compare this picture to the French court at Versailles. Why do you Think Great displays of wealth were important to monarchs? Compare this picture to the French court at Versailles. Why do you Think Great displays of wealth were important to monarchs?

12. Compare the Goals and policies of Peter the Great to those of Louis XIV. How did Peter the Great try to make Russia into a modern state? What steps did Peter take to expand Russia's borders? How did Catherine the Great strengthen Russia?