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Central Nervous System
Chapter 8 Central Nervous System Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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CNS Functions CNS stands for central nervous system
Communication and coordination system in the body Gives us personality Seat of intellect and reasoning Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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The Nerve Cell Called the neuron Nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane
Dendrites – received the signal Axons (only one per cell) myelin sheath (how it conducts the signal
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Nervous Tissue/Cells Neurons (different types) Membrane excitability
Sensory = afferent Motor or efferent Associative or interneurons Membrane excitability
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Synapse When messages go from one cell to the next cell Synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitters Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Divisions of the Nervous System
Central nervous system Brain Spinal cord Peripheral nervous system 12 pairs of cranial nerves (coming out of the brain) Eyes, smell, ect… 31 pairs of spinal nerves Autonomic nervous system (fight or flight Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Effects of Aging Slowing nerve conduction Loss of brain size
Slowing of reaction time Changes in sleep patterns
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The Brain Weighs about 1400 grams or 3 pounds 100 billion neurons
Meninges (covering) and cerebrospinal fluid Without oxygen, brain damage occurs within 4-8 minutes Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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The Brain Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain stem
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The Brain
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Memory Storage of old and new information Role of the hippocampus
Short or long term memory
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Meninges =Coverings of the Brain
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Ventricles of the Brain
Four lined cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid 1st and 2nd Right and left lateral ventricles 3rd Connected to the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramen
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Ventricles of the Brain
Connected to the 3rd by the cerebral aqueduct Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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CSF Cerebral spinal fluid =CSF Formed inside the four ventricles
Formation and flow of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) Blood-brain barrier Lumbar puncture
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Cerebrum Largest part of the brain Weighs about 2 pounds
Cerebral cortex Two hemispheres and longitudinal fissure Fissures and sulci Gyri or convulutions Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Five Major Fissures Longitudinal fissure Transverse fissure
Central fissure Lateral fissure Parieto-occipital fissure Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Cerebral Functions depends on location
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Limbic lobe or system Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Diencephalon Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain Thalamus
Hypothalamus Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Hypothalamus Important part of homeostasis Autonomic nervous control
Cardiovascular control Temperature control Appetite control Water balance Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Hypothalamus Manufacture of oxytocin Gastrointestinal control
Emotional state Sleep control Mind-over-body experiences Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Cerebellum Located behind the pons and below the cerebrum
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Cerebellar Function Located behind the pons and below the cerebrum
Maintenance of balance Maintenance of muscle tone Coordination of muscle movements Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Brain Stem Midbrain Pons -breathing Medulla oblongata
The cranial nerves 3-12 emerge
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Spinal Cord Begins at foramen magnum of the occipital bone
Ends at the second lumbar vertebrae 31 pairs of spinal nerves Protected by meninges and other tissues White and gray matter Functions Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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gray horns and the gray commissure form the “gray H.”
Columns” of white matter carry information either up or down the spinal cord
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Disorders Meningitis Encephalitis Epilepsy Cerebral palsy
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Disorders Poliomyelitis Hydrocephalus Parkinson’s disease
Essential tremor Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Disorders Multiple sclerosis West Nile virus Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Disorders Brain tumors Hematoma Spinal cord injuries Quadriplegia
Paraplegia
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Headaches Tension Migraine Cluster Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
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Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Chiropractic physician & Instructor at Heald College Back in the Game
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