3. Tihs pargaraph in’st as hrad to raed as oen wolud thnik. Yuor barin makes corretcions as yuo raed it in oredr to maek sesne of it.

4. The Decrees of Peter the Great Read each excerpt from “The Decrees of Peter the Great” changes and note any proposed changes the tsar in attempting to institute. Use the Western style calendar. Use the Western style calendar. Celebrate and decorate for Western holidays. Celebrate and decorate for Western holidays. Compulsory education in math and geometry Compulsory education in math and geometry Beard decree forcing boyars (nobility) to shave or Beard decree forcing boyars (nobility) to shave or pay a “Beard Tax”. pay a “Beard Tax”. Adopt Western style dress. Adopt Western style dress. Live and build large palaces at St. Petersburg Live and build large palaces at St. Petersburg Recruited experts from the West to modernize Recruited experts from the West to modernize Russia. Russia.

5. Absolutism and Baroque Architecture Absolute monarchs in Eastern Europe used Baroque style of architecture to glorify their power and magnificence. Baroque style originated from the Catholic-Reformation in the 1500s, and encouraged an emotional and exuberant design style which later came to be viewed as “excessive”. During the 1600s, Baroque architecture was adopted throughout Eastern Europe by kings who wanted to “overawe” their subjects and other monarchs. Examples: –Palaces had become an obsession with rulers by 1700, and were all modeled after Louis XIV’s Versailles Palace. Emperor Leopold built his Schonbrunn Palace (“Viennese Versailles”) in Vienna, Austria in 1695.

6. The Viennese Versailles Austrian Emperor Leopold Baroque style

8. Absolutism and Baroque Architecture Palaces had become an obsession with rulers by 1700, and were all modeled after Louis XIV’s Versailles Palace. Emperor Leopold built Schonbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria in 1695. King Charles XI of Sweden built his Royal Palace in 1693 in Stockholm.

9. Charles XI of Sweden More Baroque style… balustrade cornice colonade

12. Absolutism and Baroque Architecture Palaces had become an obsession with rulers by 1700, and were all modeled after Louis XIV’s Versailles Palace. Emperor Leopold built Schonbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria in 1695. King Charles XI of Sweden built his royal palace in 1693 in Stockholm. Frederick II “The Great” of Prussia built his palace in Berlin in 1740s.

13. Frederick’s “New Palace” built in 1760s

16. Absolutism and Baroque Architecture Palaces had become an obsession with rulers by 1700, and were all modeled after Louis XIV’s Versailles Palace. Emperor Leopold built Schonbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria in 1695. King Charles XI of Sweden built his royal palace in 1693 in Stockholm. Frederick II “The Great” of Pussia built his palace in Berlin in 1740s. French noble Prince Eugene, who became an Austrian war hero, built his palace in Vienna, Austria in 1722.

17. Prince Eugene’s Belvedere Palace in Vienna, Austria.

18. Prince Eugene’s Palace

19. Absolutism and Baroque Architecture Royal Cities were also constructed by monarchs to reflect their power and vision of the state. Characteristics: –Broad, straight avenues radiating out from the palace. –Imposing government buildings. –Precise mathematical layout. –Elaborate nobles’ homes typically lined the streets. Tiny royal city of Karlsruhe, Germany even had a palacial feel to it..

20. Royal City of Karlsruhe, Germany

21. Absolutism and Baroque Architecture Another example of a royal city is Czar Peter the Great’s St. Petersburg. –In 1700, at the start of the Great Northern War, this location was only a tiny Swedish outpost on the Neva River. –In 1702 Russian armies seized this outpost and built a fortress to secure the Baltic coast. –By 1709 after the Russian victory at Poltava, Peter the Great began building his St. Petersburg Palace here as a “Window on Europe” to replace the ancient Moscow. (Thought it would be easier to westernize here).

23. Absolutism and Baroque Architecture How did St. Petersburg match Peter’s political goals? –He wanted his capital city to be modern with wide, paved, straight avenues, parks, canals and lighting. –All buildings had to conform to a strict code established by the government. –Each social group (nobles, merchants, artisans…) were required to live in a certain section of the city prescribed by the government.

25. Construction of St. Petersburg, Russia Construction by peasants: Czar drafted 25k-40k peasants each summer for three months to build the city without pay. Every 10-15 households had to pay a tax to feed the workers during the three months. Each year up to one-third of the workers deserted, ran away.. By 1782, the city had grown to over 300,000 subjects.

26. Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia Baroque style

29. Compare/Contrast Eastern European Absolutism Western European Absolutism Similarities Heavy taxation Permanent armies Divine right to rule Palace building Strong centralized government bureaucracy Struggled with the nobility Common peasant revolts