1. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Nervous System: Integration and Control  Parts of the Nervous system  CNS  PNS  Nerve cell  Brain anatomy  Nervous Disorders

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Components of the Nervous System Figure 11.1

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Principle Parts of Nervous System  Central nervous system (CNS)  Components: brain and spinal cord  Functions: receives, processes, and transfers information  Peripheral nervous system (PNS)  Components: nerves outside CNS  Sensory neurons: carry information toward the CNS  Motor neurons: carry information away from CNS

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Neurons in the Nervous System Figure 11.2 Sensory neuron Dendrite Receptor Cell body Axon Axon terminals Axon bulb Dendrites Cell body Axon Axon hillock Interneuron Brain and spinal cord Motor neuron Skin Muscle Impulse direction

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.7a Myelinated Neuron

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Summary of Synaptic Transmission Figure 11.8

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Motor Neuron Divisions of PNS—Somatic Division  Functions  Voluntary  Conscious control of skeletal muscles  Involuntary  Spinal reflexes  Flexor (withdrawal)  Crossed extensor  Stretch

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Reflex Arcs Animation—Reflex Arcs Figure 11.10 PLAY

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Motor Neuron Divisions of PNS—Autonomic Division  Controls automatic body functions  Parasympathetic nervous system  Sympathetic nervous system

10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Somatic and Autonomic Divisions of the PNS Table 11.2

11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.12 (1 of 2) Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.12 (2 of 2) Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Brain Figure 11.15 FOREBRAIN Thalamus Receives, processes and transfers information Corpus callosum Bridges the two cerebral hemispheres Cerebrum Coordinates language Controls decision making Produces conscious thought

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Brain Figure 11.15 MIDBRAIN Relays visual and auditory inputs Coordinates movement

15. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Brain Figure 11.15 HINDBRAIN Cerebellum Controls basic and skilled movements Medulla oblongata Controls automatic functions of internal organs Pons Connects cerebellum, spinal cord with higher brain centers Aids medulla in regulating respiration

16. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Brain Figure 11.17 (1 of 2)

17. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Brain Figure 11.17 (2 of 2)

18. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.19 Limbic System: Emotions of Fear, Anger, Sorrow, Love

19. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Psychoactive Drugs  Psychological dependence  User craves the feeling associated with the drug  Tolerance  Requires more of the substance to achieve the same affect

20. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Psychoactive Drugs  Addiction  The need to continue obtaining and using a substance  No free choice  Withdrawal  Physical symptoms that occur upon stopping the drug

21. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Disorders of the Nervous System  Infections  Viruses or bacteria that manage to pass through the blood–brain barrier  Encephalitis  Inflammation of the brain caused by viral infection  Meningitis  Inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection  Rabies  Infectious viral disease

22. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Disorders of the Nervous System  Neural and synaptic transmission  Epilepsy  Recurring episodes of abnormal electrical acitvity  Parkinson’s disease  Loss of dopamine-releasing neurons  Alzheimer’s disease  Shortage of acetylcholine  Brain tumors