1. Childhood Schizophrenia
Autism in children

2. Autism is a disorder characterized by impaired perception of reality, disorders cognitives, and social interactions impeding behavioral responses in daily life. In other words, autism are invasive developmental disorders characterized by a failure to establish a relationship with others, a lack of language, motor behavior disturbance, mental retardation, and a requirement for tenure in the immediate identity. Cognitives disorders are forms of psychological disorders: they are characterized by disturbances of cognition and affect behavior in the lives of all personality disorders, anxiety and mood. Autism exists in three different forms : - Asperger's Syndrome - Rett Syndrome - Autism Kanner

3. Asperger's syndrome
This is an Austrian physician, Dr. Hans SPRAY, who described in 1943 (published in 1944) behavioral disorders in many children who had a normal development of intelligence and language, but showed behavior close to the autism and a marked impairment in social interaction and communication. He called this disorder " autistichen Psychopathen."
In Aspergerautistic children are characterized by bizarre and intellectual abilities . Asperger believes in an organic origin, which also describes the original parents and individuals.We could speak of a certain inheritance of the disease.
This is a highly developed and early language. But their language does not serve as a tool of social communication.
Child Autism is a severe developmental disorder since all areas of sensory, perceptual, cognitive, communicative, emotional, and relational are altered.

4. Asperger's Syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder that is part of the end "high" autistic continuum. The SA is not a mental illness of psychological origin: it is a neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic origin, but also due to other factors (environmental, infectious, metabolic ...)
The meaning of words, understanding and communication are affected. The subject has difficulty decoding the messages that arrive, and send their own messages clearly to those around him.
Baby already , the child does not search the eyes of his mother, he does not seek to direct attention to an object of interest (the "joint attention"). The child with Asperger's syndrome learn to speak. However, like autism, it is closed to non-verbal language: he does not understand the expression of emotions in others, he laughs at the wrong... In the verbal domain, his use of language is abnormal: he uses big words out of a dictionary, he does not know when and how to break into a conversation and can thus attract ridicule.

5. Rett syndrome
Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disease resulting in severe developmental disorder of the central nervous system . The disease is named after the Austrian neurologist Adreas Rett ( ), who made the first description in 1966.
Rett syndrome is characterized in girls by a serious and comprehensive development of the central nervous system . Rett syndrome exists in different parts of the world. The number of cases in Europe would be about 1/ girls. The disease has a characteristic pattern.
There is no cure for the disease, but the treatment of symptoms is important. The child is treated as for events muscular, skeletal, respiratory and orthopedic, as well as seizures if they are present. An educational support also helps develop better cognitive potentialities present in the young patient.

6. After a near normal development during the first year, there was a rapid decline occurring between 1-3 years. It is accompanied by a loss of voluntary use of hands associated with social withdrawal. Language is absent or rudimentary .
Walking is very unstable or sometimes never acquired . Deceleration of head circumference growth occurs in parallel.
The girls then evolve into an array of multiple disabilities and epilepsy often complicated by the occurrence of scoliosis. The syndrome is related to a mutation in the MeCP2 gene located on the long arm of chromosome X. The criteria for diagnosis are based on the clinic. The diagnosis is then confirmed by the presence of the mutation. The differential diagnosis includes autistic syndromes.

7. Autism Kanner
The syndrome has been individualized by American psychiatrist Leo Kanner in 1943, is a pervasive developmental disorder that affects the whole psychological functions that develops during the first years of life.
According to Kanner (American psychiatrist), autism is a disorder of emotional communication and relationship. It is an inborn disorder whose parents are responsible zero. Parents seemingly cold and rigid.
Autism Kanner is a very rare disease, affecting more boys than girls.

8. Any changes in its environment or disrupts the habits considerably.
Quickly the mother of a child with behavior indicates disconcerting. There is now, autism, or loneliness or isolation, and a pressing need to have a static environment. He wants to maintain the same environment, change is a source of anxiety. There is often a amazing memory.
Long after a therapy session, again in the room, he will, without hesitation, pick the object which he has not forgotten the place. Very early, there is also a disruption in communication skills. It does not recognize the facial expressions. . He has a keen interest in the collections of disparate objects that still satisfies the same way he loves reconstruct puzzles.
As it was described by Kanner, a disease that occurs in children around the age of 3 years, has the following elements:
An inability to communicate with the environment and a greater interest in objects than people. This leads to a deep isolation. Add to this language disorders: a delay in the acquisition of language, echolalia (repeating words / phrases).
The child has difficulty in making the difference between "I" and "you."
Its games are very repetitive, very little creative. It can even rotate the object itself for hours.
Any changes in its environment or disrupts the habits considerably.
However, it has a good memory, and has no physical disorder. All these signs appear at about 2 or 3 years.

9. The aim psychoanalytic
Three periods are visible :
The first period dates from the 1960s : families intensely collaborated with pro helping to create the first day hospital for children with autism and mental.
In the second period : hostility toward psychoanalysis parents felt guilt unfairly by them as compared to the work of Bettelheim.
Today we are entering a third period antipsychanalytique but even anti antipsychiatric medical. Parents believe that the pervasive developmental disorders are purely neurodevelopmental disorders.

10. In 1950, Bruno Bettelheim broke with this conception of autism organic and imposed a psychoanalytic conception after his experience in the camps of Dachau and Buchenwald. Bettelheim believed that autistic children had received from his parents, his mother essentially the unconscious message that everyone would be much better if it did not exist. In response to this message, the child "chose" to lock in "empty fortress" an inner world of private life, and cut all contact and communication with others. Bettelheim will take over the term "refrigerator mother" that Kanner had withdrawn in a speech to parents in The three main cases reported by Bettelheim in The empty fortress, Marcia, Laurie and Joe, although very different from each other, all received the same theoretical interpretation.
In his school Orthogenic Chicago, Bettelheim pretend recreate an environment which replaces the parental environment, destructive, putting into practice this belief: "If a harmful environment can lead to the destruction of the personality, it must be possible to reconstruct personality with a particularly favorable. ' Due to the  diffusion of a series of programs, Bettelheim claims to have cured dozens of children with autism.

11. http://www. google. fr/imgres
Annexes: - - - - - - -
Livres:
-Psychopathologie (7ème édt), p280
-L’autisme de l’enfant
-La mère dans l’autisme infantile p171