1. The Holocaust, Nuremberg, and the Creation of Israel Presentation 4

2. The Holocaust Hitler believed that Germans were the “master race” Hitler planned to destroy those he found inferior Jews were the main target of his brutality Aimed to destroy/enslave others (Slavs, Gypsies, and the mentally and physically disabled)

3. The Holocaust: Genocide: The attempt to destroy an entire ethnic or religious group Began by limiting Jews’ rights (Nuremberg Laws) and encouraging violence Synagogues were set on fire & Jewish businesses were destroyed Jews were forced to live in separate areas Hitler finally set up concentration camps- detention centers where Jews were starved, shot, or gassed to death By 1945- over 6 million Jews had died in what became known as the Holocaust

4. Nuremberg Trials Trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany for over a year (1945-46) 22 surviving Nazi leaders were tried at the Nuremberg trials for “crimes against humanity” 12 Sentenced to Death/200+ Imprisoned

5. Creation of Israel Review: – Zionism: movement to establish a homeland for Jews in Palestine – Post-WWI - Palestine became a mandate of Great Britain – 1917 - Balfour Declaration promoted the idea of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, while protecting the “rights of existing non-Jewish communities.” Post-WWII - The United States and many European nations felt great sympathy for the Jews after the Holocaust – Britain gave up its mandate in Palestine and turned over the responsibility to the United Nations – The United Nations, in a majority vote, divided Palestine into two states – an Arab state and a Jewish state – However, all of the Islamic countries voted against the partition, and the Palestinians rejected it outright On May 14, 1948, Israel was officially an independent country

6. Potsdam Conference - Germany is Divided West Germany was occupied by USA, France and Britain set up democratic governments East Germany & Eastern European nations were occupied by the Soviet Union and communist governments were established