2. Romans destroy Jerusalem in AD 66 and name the area Palestine. The destruction is not motivated by hate, but simply by war.

3. Jewish people are invited to live in European Countries like Germany and France. They are given autonomy (the can rule themselves. These countries hoped that Jews would revitalize the economy because of their: 1. Crafts 2. Long distance trade with other parts of Europe/Muslim countries 3. Money lending 4. Their inability to hold land

4. Usury=lending money with interest Some Christians believe Jews are using usury to suck the Christian world dry of money In reality, Jews are one of the only groups of people who can lend money because the Catholic Church has determined that it is a sin.

5. 1215—council decides that Jews cannot appear in public during the week of Easter and that they must wear distinctive markings. Many countries began temporarily expelling them and incurring their date (taking their money). Ghettos Barrio Santa Cruz in Spain 

6. Emancipation 1. Legal Equality within Western Europe 2. Included as citizens, but not as a separate nations 3. Jews needed to give up Yiddish, move to cities, and acquire businesses/professions

7. Jews by and large maintained religion only The Jewish religion is one of study, so Jews began to prosper in urban professions Ex. Imperial Germany (mid 1800s): Jews made up less than 1% of the population Jews owned 23% of the banks

8. Most Jews lived in Russia/eastern Europe at this time Pogroms 1881-1905, post WWI and pre WWII

9. After WWI, the Germany economy was in ruins. There were many political parties which fell under the following categories: communists, social democrats, and fascists.

10. One fascist party, known as the Nazi party, advocated private ownership of industry, outlawed democracy, and gave control of the military to the army and the wealthy. They also began to restrict the activities of certain groups of people, including Jews.

11. Decorated war veteran of WWI. He rose quickly in the Nazi party. He was a strong advocate of Pan-Germanism and anti- semetism (despite his heritage). He saw Jews as a target because of their economic success during hard times.

12. The Holocaust targeted Jews as well as The Holocaust caused the deaths of 11-14 million people, including approx. 6 million Jews. The Holocaust also targeted Romani/Sinti (commonly know as gypsies), Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, homosexuals, people with disabilities, Jehovah’s Witnesses and other political and religious opponents.

13. Romanian born Holocaust survivor He has written 57 books, including Night, a work based on his experiences as a prisoner of Nazi concentration camps. In 1986 he won the Nobel Peace Peace Prize for his work.