2. Digestion By: Kelsey Kreager & Lynn Ersek

3. What is Digestion? The process of breaking down food –P–Provides nutrients –B–Breaks down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins Provides energy source (ATP)

5. The Mouth The first step in the digestive process Mastication occurs = chewing Saliva contains the enzyme amylase that breaks down carbs creates a “bolus” softens food

6. Esophagus A muscular tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach “peristalsis” = muscular motion of the esophagus

7. Stomach!!!! Contains a HCl acid (pH 2)---walls are protected by thick layer of mucus Contains a HCl acid (pH 2)---walls are protected by thick layer of mucus Parietal chief cell along wall Parietal chief cell along wall –Contain pepsides (enzymes)  Digest proteins and carbs

8. Small Intestine/Duodenum  Duodenum = beginning of sml. Intestine  Contains pH 7  Enzymes digest FATS  Continue to digest proteins and carbs  Villi line the small intestine  ABSORB NUTRIENTS

9. Duodenum Villi Duodenum Villi

10. Large Intestine/Appendix  Reabsorbs H2O  The bacteria =vitamin production  Encloses the small intestine  The appendix is a “finger- like glandular piece of tissue that connects to the beginning of the large intestine” (http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/st omach/appendicitis.html). http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/st omach/appendicitis.htmlhttp://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/st omach/appendicitis.html

11. Rectum!!! (a.k.a. Mr. Hanky’s door) Mr. Hanky exits the body. Waste is deposited from the body. Whatever is left from the digestive process.

12. Liver/Gallbladder/Pancreas Gallbladder (green)Pancreas (orange) - contains bile -produces insulin Liver (brown) - detoxifies - stores “glycogen” -insulin (stores) -insulin (stores) -glucagon (releases) -glucagon (releases)-immunity -helps make bile

13. Applications: Mouth: cavities = bacteria infects “pulp” of tooth endoscopy = tube w/ camera endoscopy = tube w/ camera Stomach: ulcers = holes in the stomach lining -causes: smoking, bacteria, stress Gallbladder: gallstones = build up of cholesterol and salt Appendix: appendicitis —most common cause for children’s abdominal surgery Pancreas: Type 1 diabetes = pancreatic cells are destroyed (juvenile onset) Type 2 diabetes = “diet controlled” (obesity and diet) (obesity and diet)