1. Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Unit 10-Human Body
Chapter 37
Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

2. Functions of the Circulatory System
Transport of…
Respiratory gases
Nutrients
Wastes
Hormones
Defense from…
invaders
blood loss

3. Blood vessels Arteries Carry blood away from heart
Thick, muscular: under pressure

4. Veins
Carry blood toward the heart
Thin, little muscle; valves

5. Capillaries
Smallest, one cell thick & diameter
Where exchanges occur

6. Blood components Plasma Yellow liquid (90% water) Transports… Food
Wastes
Hormones
Fibers , etc

7. Blood components Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Small, biconcave cells without nucleus
Hemoglobin = red pigment, gives ability to…
Transport oxygen

8. Blood components White blood cells (leucocytes)
Large, clear, ameboid, cells with nucleus & granules
Fight infection (by phagocytosis)

9. Blood components Platelets (thrombocytes) Smallest; cell fragments
For clotting only

10. Heart Pericardium Chambers: Atria (right & left) = receive blood
sac surrounding heart, to prevent friction
Chambers:
Atria (right & left) = receive blood
Ventricles (right & left) pump blood
Valves = prevent backflow of blood
Between atria & ventricles
Between ventricles & arteries

15. Lymphatic System

16. Lymphatic System Function
Series of vessels that collect fluids lost by blood and returns the blood to the circulatory system
Main organs:
thymus, spleen. lymph nodes, lymph vessels
Works in conjunction with the immune system

17. Lymph Organs Primary function:
to trap and filter microorganisms that may have invaded the body
(May become enlarged when many microbes are trapped, indicating illness)

18. Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Nasal cavity
To warm, moisten and filter air
Pharynx
Throat; for transporting air and food
Epiglottis
Cartilage flap; to prevent food from entering lungs
Larynx
voice box: voice pitch controlled by…
tension & thickness of cords

19. The cartilages of the larynx
The epiglottis
The vocal folds

20. Anatomy of Respiratory system
Trachea
Windpipe; with cartilage rings to prevent collapse
Within lungs:
Bronchi = 2 large branches
Bronchioles = smallest branches into...
Alveoli = tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs
Diaphragm
breathing muscle

22. Breathing Inspiration
Diaphragm contracts, chest increases, pressure decreases, air comes in
Expiration
Diaphragm relaxes, chest decreases, pressure increases, air forced out

25. Types of Respiration External Within lungs
Oxygen enters blood, CO2 exits blood
Internal
Within body tissues
Oxygen enters cells, CO2 exits cells