1. BLOOD COMPONENTS ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 13-14

6. Dr. Benjamin Rush (1746-1813) United Theory of Disease = all diseases have one cause Purgatives & Phlebotomies

9. Blood Functions Carry oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea, glucose Communication between tissues via Endocrine secretions (i.e. hormones) Dissapation of heat

10. Comparative Blood Volumes Horse = 10.3 L Human (Peru) = 6.3L Human (U.S.) = 4.7L Human (Fetus) = 8 oz Hummingbird = 1 oz Cockroach = 250uL

11. How Is Blood Volume An Accurate Reflection of Function Dictating Form?

12. Is there any real substitute for blood?

13. Advantages of Synthetic Blood? Low # of blood donations worldwide HIV/BSE risks Lack of time to find compatible blood type Higher oxygenation capacity Religious objections to transfusions

14. ANATOMY OF BLOOD Plasma Formed Elements Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

15. Component Percent Water~92 Proteins6–8 Salts0.8 Lipids0.6 Glucose (blood sugar)0.1 Composition of Plasma

16. Plasma Functions Dissipation of Heat Plasma transports materials needed by cells and materials that must be removed from cells: Various physiologically important ions (Na+, Ca2+, etc. ) Glucose / simple carbohydrates Amino acids Organic acids Cholesterol / lipids Hormones (HGH, Adrenaline, Somatotropin) Urea / Nitrogenous Waste Antibodies

17. Antibodies are proteins produced by the B cells of the immune system Antibodies identify non-native cells due to the proteins on their cell membranes Cells that do not belong are clumped together in a process called agglutination

19. Table Two: Distribution and Characteristics of Human Blood Factors Blood Type Distribu tion in USA (%) Antigen on Red Blood Cell Antibod y in Serum Plasma Will Clot with Blood From These Donors Can Receive From Can Give to: O 48None Anti-A, Anti-B A, B, AB OAll A 42AAnti-BB, ABA & OA & AB B 7BAnti-AA, ABB & OB & AB AB 2A & BNone AllAB

21. Multiple Alleles & Paternity

22. FORMED ELEMENTS Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

23. Erythrocytes aka Red Blood Corpuscles Anucleate Biconcave Carry oxygen or carbon dioxide bound to iron cations in four locations on the hemoglobin protein

25. Thrombocytes aka platelets Are used to physically and chemically close wounds

26. Diseases Associated With Anomalous Composition of the Formed Elements LEUKEMIA APLASTIC ANEMIA IRON POOR BLOOD SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

27. How Do You Diagnose Blood Disorders?

28. Hematocrit