1. New and Emerging Invasive Forest Pests Invasive Species Exclusion Unit Plant Protection Division, Minnesota Department of Agriculture

2. Alien, Exotic or Invasive Invasive species: alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health (Executive Order 13112).

3. Invasive species management Prevention Early detection & Rapid response Control & Management Restoration & Rehabilitation National Strategy and Implementation Plan for Invasive Species Management -- US Forest Service

4. The Pests: Emerald ash borer Gypsy moth Asian longhorned beetle European woodwasp Pathogens

5. Emerald ash borer

6. David Cappaert,, www.forestryimages.org EAB Lifecycle: Adults Art Wagner, Bugwood.org

7. Where is EAB?

8. EAB Readiness Plan Objectives: Delay the introduction and establishment of EAB in Minnesota Department of Agriculture Identify and prepare outreach, education and training University of Minnesota Provide the basis for long-term sustainability Department of Natural Resources Develop political support to ensure adequate funding and regulation S&S Tree Specialists, Inc.

9. Delay Introduction & Establishment

10. Prevention –Regulation & Education

11. Delay Introduction & Establishment

12. Early Detection – Detection Trees

13. Early Detection – First Detector Network

14. EAB Reporter EAB First Detector Minnesota Department of Agriculture “Do I Have EAB?” Checklist EAB Decision Tree Early Detection – First Detector Network

15. Early Detection – Purple Traps

16. What is Minnesota Doing About EAB?

17. Rapid Response - EAB Response Plan

18. Point source pre- adult emergence Non-point source 1. 10 mile radius quarantine 2. Eradication possible, depends on situation 1. County quarantine 2. Suppression best option Point source post-adult emergence 1. Site quarantined 2. Eradication best option Rapid Response Scenarios

19. What is Minnesota Doing About EAB?

20. Management – Current Research Silvicultural Resistant tree varieties Population dynamics and spread under different management strategies including sanitation, phloem reduction, islands of attraction Chemical Systemic pesticides – imidacloprid, dinotefuron, emamectin benzoate Biological 3 species of parasitic wasps researched, 2 released? Naturalized wasp switching to EAB?

21. John H. Ghent, USDA Forest Service Gypsy Moth

22. Gypsy Moth Life Cycle

23. Gypsy moth is a tree defoliator Trees are stressed, leaving them susceptible to other pests and diseases Each caterpillar consumes 3 square feet of foliage! July Why Be Concerned?

24. Preferred eaten by all stages of larvae Oak, aspen, willow, white and river birch, basswood, larch, mountain-ash, alder and apple Hawthorn, hazelnut, hophornbeam, hornbeam, serviceberry, witch-hazel Less-preferred eaten by older larvae Yellow birch, boxelder, butternut, black walnut, cherry, eastern cottonwood, elm, hackberry, hickory, red and sugar maple, pine, and spruce Blueberries, pin cherry, chokecherry, sweet fern Avoided rarely fed upon ash, cedar, fir, silver maple, catalpa, mulberry and many urban species Dogwood, elderberry, grape, greenbrier, juniper, raspberry, viburnum, and buckthorn!! Host Preference

25. Natural 1 ¼ miles per year due to larval dispersal (ballooning) Spread Artificial Egg masses or other life stages are transported by humans 13-16 miles per year (1960- 1990)

26. Detection surveys began in 1973 –First male moth captured in 1976 –Over 11,000 moths caught to date Treated over 140,000 acres Cooperative Program –State: MDA, DNR, and University of Minnesota –Federal: USDA-APHIS, PPQ and the US Forest Service Gypsy Moth in Minnesota

27. 1900 1980 2007 1990 Gypsy Moth Quarantine

28. Suppression Gypsy moth populations established/reproducing Treat outbreaks locally to decrease natural spread to < 6 km/yr Slow the Spread Targeted treatments to decrease population pressure Eradication Eliminate start-up populations Management Nationally

29. Parts of the state are in both Eradication and the Slow the Spread stages of gypsy moth management. Minnesota’s varied habitats can and will sustain gypsy moth populations Survey program is key along with strong regulatory cooperation from the general public and industry “Slow the Spread” to less than 6 kilometers per year Eradication to eliminate infestations Management in Minnesota

30. 2008 Treatments

31. Asian longhorned beetle

32. Anoplophora glabripennis (Cerambycidae) Native to China & Korea US detection, 1996 Prefered hosts: –Acer (maple), Salix (willow), Ulmus (elm), Aesculus (buckeye) Acceptable hosts: –Betula (birch), Fraxinus (ash)

33. 1 year Asian longhorned beetle

35. Green = Not found Purple = Established Tan = Being eradicated NAPIS, 2008

36. No traps available Nursery inspections –Examine stock for signs of infestation –367 growers & 275 dealers in 2006 –Similar effort for 2007 Asian longhorned beetle

37. Quarantine Eradication –Host tree removal –Insecticides Asian longhorned beetle

38. European wood wasp

39. Life cycle forestryimages.org Amylostereum areolatum Phytotoxic mucus 1 to 3 years forestryimages.org K. Loeffler, Cornell Univ.

40. Signs of infestation Round, 3-8 mm holes forestryimages.org Drooping needles Brown staining Resin beads Frass-filled galleries

41. Distribution K.L. Carnes, NYSDAM Forestryimages.org Native Range Introduced 1994 1990 2001 1980 1961 1952 1900 US FS

42. ● ● ● ● 2008

43. Pine species susceptibility VERY HIGHHIGHMEDIUMLOW AustrianLodgepoleKnobconeEastern white Monterey*JackSandBristlecone Loblolly*JefferyApacheFoxtail ScotchPonderosaSpruceCom. pinyon RedBishopCoulter ShortleafLongleafLimber SlashTable mtn.Southwestern VirginiaPitchSugar PondWestern white Gray Arizona Torrey D. Haugen Very rare on larch, spruce & fir

44. Impact Tree mortality, reduced commodity value & loss of markets Native range: Secondary pest Adventive range: Significant losses in overstocked & stressed plantations –Up to 80% tree mortality in Australia –North America: ???

45. Prevention Pest risk assessment Regulatory work –e.g., inspect high risk pathways Education –e.g., firewood risks

46. Early detection Lure: alpha pinene (70%) & beta pinene (30%)

47. Early detection Species20062007 Sirex noctilio00 Sirex edwardsii17127 Sirex juvencus41 Sirex nigricornis14534 Tremex columba218 Urocerus albicornis111 Urocerus cressoni1914 Xeris spectrum04 * all MN sites, traps and dates combined (2,725 samples)

48. Contact information Arrest the Pest Hotline –Greater MN = 1-888-545-6684 –Metro area = 651-201-6684 –Arrest.The.Pest@state.mn.us http://www.mda.state.mn.us/plants/ pestmanagement/invasives.htm