1. The rise of Citizen Cyberscience and its impact on professional research Dr. Miguel Angel Marquina CERN, Switzerland

2. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Another Slant on Open Science Citizens vs Researchers In Science and Innovation, can ordinary citizens… Co-fund it with their own means? Co-fund it with their own means? Influence (proactively) its trends? Influence (proactively) its trends? Participate (meaningfully) in its progress? Participate (meaningfully) in its progress?

3. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Assets in the hands of citizens Around the world there are... 1000-2000 million computers and devices alike (game consoles, intelligent electrical appliances…) 1000-2000 million computers and devices alike (game consoles, intelligent electrical appliances…) 5000 million mobile, smartphone and tablets – location+imaging enabled 5000 million mobile, smartphone and tablets – location+imaging enabled in the hands of 7000 million humans

4. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Science and Innovation Traditional approach Sizeable infrastructures (R&D sites, labs, universities) Sizeable infrastructures (R&D sites, labs, universities) Work developed in teams Work developed in teams Relevance assessed/ranked/approved by restricted bodies of experts Relevance assessed/ranked/approved by restricted bodies of experts Institutional funding Institutional funding Direct impact on society may not be a prime directive Direct impact on society may not be a prime directive

5. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Science and Innovation Imagine… What if citizens could contribute… their computers their computers their mobile devices their mobile devices their own brain power their own brain power to R&D projects?

6. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Science and Innovation “Citizen” approach Individual researchers may explore novel ideas without engaging institutional resources Individual researchers may explore novel ideas without engaging institutional resources Funding based on attracting volunteers to their cause Funding based on attracting volunteers to their cause Expert assessment shifts to “Selected by popular demand” Expert assessment shifts to “Selected by popular demand” Impact on society – citizens drive it Impact on society – citizens drive it

7. Citizen Cyberscience Volunteer Computing Contribution: Passive – volunteer’s CPUs Most projects based on an open-source platform called BOINC http://boinc.berkeley.edu

8. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Physics (e.g. CERN) LHC@home http://cern.ch/LHCathome LHC@home http://cern.ch/LHCathome http://cern.ch/LHCathome Sixtrack700 years T4T44K CPUs GEANT(4) studies GEANT(4) studies Interactions of particles/radiation with matter Popular code in Medical Physics GARFIELD – simulation of gas detectors GARFIELD – simulation of gas detectors

9. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Astrophysics SETI@home http://setiathome.berkeley.edu SETI@home http://setiathome.berkeley.edu http://setiathome.berkeley.edu 9M years 5M clients Einstein@home http://einsteinathome.org Einstein@home http://einsteinathome.org http://einsteinathome.org Search for sources of gravitational waves 6800 years 137K CPUs(*) 1 CPU = 1 KSfp2K = 2.8 GHz Xeon

10. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Life Sciences Predictor@home http://predictor.chem.lsa.umich.edu Predictor@home http://predictor.chem.lsa.umich.edu http://predictor.chem.lsa.umich.edu 1700 years 84K CPUs To predict proteine structure from sequence Rosetta@home http://boinc.bakerlab.org Rosetta@home http://boinc.bakerlab.org http://boinc.bakerlab.org New proteins for cures of human diseases (HIV, malaria, cancer…) Folding@home http://folding.stanford.edu Folding@home http://folding.stanford.edu http://folding.stanford.edu Proteine (mis)folding – degenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Huntington…)

11. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Geology/Climate Climateprediction.net http://climateprediction.net Climateprediction.net http://climateprediction.net http://climateprediction.net 10000 years 115K clients Climate@home Climate@home Climate change (variant of above, non-overlapping targets)

12. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Helping Developing Countries Africa@home http://cern.ch/africa-at-home/ Africa@home http://cern.ch/africa-at-home/ http://cern.ch/africa-at-home/ African humanitarian causes Project kick-off initiated by CERN Malariacontrol.net http://malariacontrol.net/ Malariacontrol.net http://malariacontrol.net/ http://malariacontrol.net/ Malaria propagation studies (within the framework of Africa@home) Computing for Clear Water (ref. paper) Computing for Clear Water (ref. paper) Water flow through nanotubes – Sponsored by CCC

13. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Volunteer Computing All kinds, all flavours SCIENCE SETI@home (BOINC) evolution@home eOn climateprediction.net (BOINC) Muon1 LHC@home (BOINC) Einstein@Home(BOINC) BBC Climate Change Experiment (BOINC) Leiden Classical (BOINC) QMC@home (BOINC) NanoHive@Home (BOINC) μFluids@Home (BOINC) Spinhenge@home (BOINC) Cosmology@Home (BOINC) PS3GRID (BOINC) Mars Clickworkers LIFE SCIENCES Parabon Computation Folding@home FightAIDS@home Übero Drug Design Optimization Lab (D2OL) The Virtual Laboratory Project Community TSC Predictor@home (BOINC) XGrid@Stanford Human Proteome Folding (WCG) CHRONOS (BOINC) Rosetta@home (BOINC) RALPH@home (BOINC) SIMAP (BOINC) malariacontrol.net (BOINC) Help Defeat Cancer (WCG) TANPAKU (BOINC) Genome Comparison (WCG) Docking@Home (BOINC) proteins@home (BOINC) Help Cure Muscular Dystrophy (WCG) MATHEMATICS AND CRYPTOGRAPHY Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search Proth Prime Search ECMNET Minimal Equal Sums of Like Powers MM61 Project 3x + 1 Problem Distributed Search for Fermat Number Divisors PCP@Home Generalized Fermat Prime Search PSearch Seventeen or Bust Factorizations of Cyclotomic Numbers Goldbach Conjecture Verification The Riesel Problem The 3*2^n-1 Search NFSNET Search for Multifactorial Primes 15k Prime Search ElevenSmooth Riesel Sieve The Prime Sierpinski Project P.I.E.S. - Prime Internet Eisenstein Search Factors of k*2^n±1 XYYXF 12121 Search 2721 Search Operation Billion Digits SIGPS Primesearch Lone Mersenne Hunters Factoring 100 Million digits prefactor project Repdigit Prime Problems Mersenneplustwo Factorizations Sierpinski/Riesel Base 5 SZTAKI Desktop Grid (BOINC) Riesel Prime Search Proth Sieve Twin Internet Prime Search Pi Segment Rectilinear Crossing Number (BOINC) ABC@home (BOINC) WEP-M+2 Project (BOINC) distributed.net PrimeGrid (BOINC) M4 HashClash (BOINC) Assault on 13th Labour Free Rainbow Tables IT PERFORMANCE Gómez Performance ($) Network Peer NETI@home dCrawl DIMES Red Library DLV Majestic-12 Boitho PeerFactor DepSpid Pingdom GIGRIB Project Neuron (BOINC) PUZZLES AND GAMES ChessBrain Chess960@home (BOINC) FINANCIAL MoneyBee GStock ART electric sheep Internet Movie Project RenderFarm@Home (BOINC) Source: http://distributedcomputing.info/http://distributedcomputing.info/

14. Citizen Cyberscience Volunteer Information Discovery Contribution: Active - In the field Using GPS+camera-enabled devices for data gathering, mapping, geotagging (often associated to Google Earth)

15. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Information Discovery in Action Cybermappr – http://cybermappr.unige.ch UNOSAT/UniGe partnership in CCC, sponsored by HP UNOSAT/UniGe partnership in CCC, sponsored by HP Used currently for geotagging of regions under humanitarian conflicts/crisis Used currently for geotagging of regions under humanitarian conflicts/crisis See Google group “Geotag Libya” See Google group “Geotag Libya”http://groups.google.com/group/geotag-libya

16. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Information Discovery in Action EpiCollect - http://www.epicollect.net/ Framework for associating information to maps

17. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Information Discovery in Action HP Gloe - http://www.hpgloe.com Platform for location-based information discovery

18. Citizen Cyberscience Volunteer Thinking Contribution: proactive – volunteer’s ”HPUs” Brain power to its best

19. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Thinking in Action Innocentive - http://www.innocentive.com Citizen Problem Solving (A.Bingham)

20. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Thinking in action Galaxy Zoo - http://www.galaxyzoo.org/ Galaxy classification (pattern recognition)

21. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Thinking in action FoldIt - http://fold.it/portal Protein folding strategies

22. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Thinking in action Old Weather - http://www.oldweather.org/ Source: http://www.climatecentral.org/news/partner-news/old-weather-data-aids- climate-science-one-ship-at-a-time Source: http://www.climatecentral.org/news/partner-news/old-weather-data-aids- climate-science-one-ship-at-a-time

23. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Citizen Cyberscience Centre http://citizencyberscience.net In essence A network to foster citizen cyberscience worldwide, focus on developing countries A network to foster citizen cyberscience worldwide, focus on developing countries An open place for exchange, collaboration An open place for exchange, collaboration A ”Think Tank” lab to explore new cyberscience concepts A ”Think Tank” lab to explore new cyberscience concepts

24. Open Science & Educ. Poland - April 13, 2012 Role of Citizen Cyberscience… Miguel Angel Marquina Arthur C. Clarke 2001 : A Space Odyssey “When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong.” “When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong.” “The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible.” “The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible.”