1. Chapter Overview:  Phases of Matter  What are they?  What is effected by phase change – What is going on?  What causes phase change?

2. Chapter Overview: cont.  Temperature  Measuring temperature  Thermometers  Temperature Scales  There are 3  F, C, & K

3. Chapter Overview: cont.  Heat  Heat Flow  3 types  Conduction  Convection  Radiation  Phase Change  Evaporation & Condensation

4.  Phases of Matter  Solid, Liquid, & Gas  Molecular arrangements  Arrangements and strength of attraction between molecules

5.  Solid  Definite shape & volume  Formed by strong bonds  Space between molecules  Does not conform when placed in a container  Rock vs Play-do

6.  Liquids  Bonds are not as strong as a solid  Definite volume (how much space it occupy) but not a definite shape  Will conform to its container

7.  Gasses  Weak cohesive forces  Molecules are far apart  No fixed shape, no fixed volume

8. Solid LiquidGas

9.  Kinetic Molecule Theory  Matter generally expands with increased temperature and contracts with decreased temperature  Higher temperatures molecules are moving faster – therefore they move further apart = expansion  Lower temperatures molecules are moving slower – therefore less movement = contraction  St. Louis Arch

10.  Thermometer  Based on the expansion and contraction of a liquid or solid (metal)  Mercury  Alcohol  Bimetallic  Iron & brass

11.  Temperature scales  Fahrenheit  Boiling Pt. = 212 degrees  Freezing Pt. = 32 degrees  Absolute 0 = -459 degrees  Celsius (Centigrade)  Boiling Pt. = 100 degrees  Freezing Pt. = 0 degrees  Absolute 0 = -273 degrees  Kelvin  Boiling Pt. = 373 degrees  Freezing Pt. = 273 degrees  Absolute 0 = 0 degrees

12.  Relationship between F & C

13.  Heat  The movement of energy between two objects due to a temperature difference  Measures of heat  Calorie  Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree C  BTU (British thermal unit)  Energy needed to raise 1 lb of water 1 degree F  Heat Flow  Conduction  Table 4.3  Convection  Radiation

14.  Condensation & Evaporation  To increase evaporation  Increase temp of liquid  Increase surface area  Remove water vapor from near the surface – this prevents return of vapor to liquid state  Reduce atmospheric pressure