1. The Urinary System Urine for a Great Time!!!

2. Function of the Kidneys Removes salts and nitrogenous wastes Maintains normal concentration of water and electrolytes Maintains pH Maintains blood cell production Maintains blood pressure

3. What Other Organs Help Contributing Excretory Organs Liver – removes hazardous chemicals from the blood. "detoxifies" the blood For this reason, alcoholics and other types of addicts have a higher incidence of liver disease. – Some proteins & other nitrogenous compounds are broken down in the liver forming a compound call urea Lungs – excrete waste like carbon dioxide and water. Skin – rids waste from the body through sweat glands

4. Primary Urinary Organs 2 Kidneys – Renal cortex (outer region) – Renal medulla (inner region) – Nephron: functional unit of kidney Renal artery/vein: kidney blood flow 2- Ureters: urine excretory duct 1 - Urinary bladder: urine storage 1 - Urethra: urine elimination tube

5. Kidneys Two reddish organs just above the waist behind the stomach Filter the blood and removes waste

7. Nephron each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons -renal corpuscle: composed of a tangled cluster called a glomerulus which filters fluid Pathway = glomerulus -» proximal tubulue --» nephron loop (also called loop of henle) --» distal tubule --» collecting duct --» ureter --» bladder

8. Nephron Filtering unit of the kidney Blood enters full of waste and leaves filtered Blood enters under high pressure and flows into the capillary beds

10. U-shaped Tubules (Loop of Henle) Most of the ions and water All of the glucose and amino acids Reabsorbed into the bloodstream This is how the body’s water is conserved Homeostasis is maintained

12. Urine Formation glomerular filtration - urine formation begins, plasma is filtered tubular reabsorption - returns most of the fluid to the body - PROXIMAL TUBULE tubular secretion - removes what is not needed; produces urine - DISTAL TUBULE

14. A BIG Filtration system: Nephron

15. Ureter Connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder

16. Urinary Bladder Smooth muscle bag Stores waste solution - urine

17. Urethra Connects bladder to outside of the body Allows urine to pass out of the body

19. Diagram of Urinary System

20. So what happens if: Kidney stones Cystitis Kidney infection – Pylonephritis – Glomerulonephritis Overactive bladder Kidney failure

21. Kidney Stones

22. Cystitis vs Kidney Infection Superficial Bladder only Urgency Burning Invasion of kidney and blood stream Fever, chills, flank pain Tenderness Increased WBC

23. Overactive bladder sudden contractions of the bladder produce sensation of urgency, also more common in women Kegal Exercises

24. Renal Failure

25. Catheter