1. Discovering Computers 2010
Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web

2. The Internet Also the Net Worldwide collection of networks
Services on the Internet
Two of the Mostly widely used services
World Wide Web (WWW)
Other services
Chat rooms
Instant Messaging
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
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3. Evolution of the Internet
How did the Internet originate?
ARPANET
Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
Goal: To allow scientists at different locations to share information
Goal: To function if part of network were disabled
Became functional September 1969
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4. Evolution of the Internet
How has the Internet grown?
Today
More than 550 million host nodes
1984
More than 1,000 host nodes
1969
Four host nodes (provide services and connection to others on a network
(UCLA, UCSB, Stanford, Utah)
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5. Evolution of the Internet
National Science Foundation (NSF)
In 1986 connected its huge network of five supercomputers (NSFnet) to ARPANET
Became known as the Internet
Until 1995, handle the bulk of the communication activity
In 1995, terminated its network on the Internet and resumed its status as a research network

6. Evolution of the Internet
Who controls the Internet?
No onec—cit is a public, cooperative, and independent network
Several organizations set standards
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Oversees research, sets standards and guidelines
Mission is to contribute to the growth of the Web
Nearly 400 organizations around the world are members of the W3C
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7. Internet 2
Not-for-Profit research and development project that connects universities and companies via a high –speed private network
Goals was to develop and test advanced network technologies that will benefit Internet users in the short-term future
Some projects that are now mainstream includes:
Telemedicine and digital libraries

8. How the Internet Works How can you connect to the Internet?
High-speed connection
Broadband Internet service
Cable, DSL,
fiber, radio signals,
and satellite
Connection is always on— whenever the computer is running
Slow-speed technology
Dial-up access modem in your computer uses a standard telephone line to connect to the Internet
Connection must be established each time you log on.
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9. Connecting to the Internet
DSL (digital subscriber line) – use the regular copper telephone lines
Fiber to the Premises(FTTP) – use fiber-optic cable
Fixed wireless – use dish-shaped antenna on the house or business
Cellular radio network – use built-in compatible technology or computers with wireless modems
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) – uses radio signals
Satellite Internet service – use satellite to satellite dish

10. How the Internet Works What are ways to access the Internet?
An access provider is a business that provides individual and organization access to the Internet free or for a fee.
Three Categories:
ISP, Regional or National (AT&T and EarthLink)
OSP (AOL and MSN, two more popular)
Wireless Internet Service Provider (ex. AT&T, Boingo Wireless, Sprint Broadband Direct, T-Mobile, and Verizon Wireless)
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11. How the Internet Works What is a IP address? Internet protocol address
Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet
Consists of four groups of numbers, each separated by a period
Number between 0 and 255
The first portion of each IP address identifies the network and the last portion identifies the specific computer
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12. How the Internet Works What is a domain name?
Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address
The text in the domain name up to the first period identifies the type of Internet server.
The last section contains the top-level domain (identifies the type of organization)
ICANN – assigns and controls top-level domains
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13. The World Wide Web What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
Emerged in the early 1990s
A worldwide collection of electronic documents
Also called the Web
Each electronic document is called a Web page
Can contain text, graphics, audio, video, and built-in connections
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
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14. The World Wide Web What is a Web browser?
Program that allows you to view Web pages
The more widely used Web browsers for PC are:
Internet Explorer
Google
Chrome
Firefox
Opera
Safari
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15. The World Wide Web What is a home page?
The first page that a Web site displays
Often provides links to other documents, Web pages or Websites
A link, short for hyperlink, is built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a Web page
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16. The World Wide Web
How do Internet-enabled mobile devices access the Web?
Use a microbrowser that displays Web pages that contain mostly text
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17. The World Wide Web What is downloading?
The process of a computer receiving information
Depending upon connection speed, downloading can take from a few seconds to several minutes
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18. World Wide Web What is a URL? Unique address for a Web page
Consist of a protocol, domain name and sometimes the path to a specific Web page or location on a Web page.
Many web page addresses begin with (a set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the Internet
Not required
A web server delivers the Web page to your computer
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19. The World Wide Web How do you Navigate Web Pages?
Hypertext – refers to links in text-based documents
Hypermedia – combines text-based links with graphic, audio, and video links
Some people use the phrase, surfing the Web, to refer to the activity of using links to explore the Web.
Tabbed browsing – top of the browser displays a tab for each Web page you open.

20. The World Wide Web How can you recognize links?
Pointer changes to a small hand when you point to a link
A link can be text or an image
Text links are usually underlined and in a different color
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21. The World Wide Web How do you Search the Web?
Primary reason that people use the Web is to search for specific information.
There are two types of search tools
Search Engines
Subject Directories

22. The World Wide Web What is a search engine?
Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text
Each word in the search text is known as a keyword.
Hits are the results of an search.
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23. The World Wide Web What is a subject directory?
Search tool with organized set of categories and subcategories
Lets you find information by clicking links rather than entering keywords
Major disadvantage is that users have difficulty deciding which categories to choose.
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24. The World Wide Web What are the thirteen basic types of Web sites?
Portal
News
Informational
Blog
Wiki
Online Social Network
Educational
Entertainment
Advocacy
Web Application
Content Aggregator
Personal

25. The World Wide Web What is a portal?
A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location, usually for free
Searching, news, sports and weather, Web publishing, reference tools, stock quotes, maps, shopping, , and online communities (Web sites that join people with similar interests)
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26. The World Wide Web What is a news Web site?
Contains newsworthy material
Stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and the weather
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27. The World Wide Web What is an informational Web site?
Contains factual information
Created by organizations and government agencies
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28. The World Wide Web What is a business/marketing Web site?
Contains content that promotes or sells products or services
Allows you to purchase products or services online
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29. The World Wide Web What is a blog? Short for Weblog
An informal website consisting of time-stamped articles or posts, in a diary or journal format
Uses a regularly updated journal format to reflect the interests, opinions, and personalities of the author and sometimes site visitors
Blogger – author of a blog
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30. The World Wide Web What is a wiki?
Collaborative Web site that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser
Are open to modification by the general public
Difference between a wiki and blog is that users cannot modify original posts made by the blogger.
Popular wiki - Wikipedia

31. The World Wide Web What is an online social network?
Encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos
Popular social networking sites include Facebook and MySpace.
Media sharing Web site
Share photos, music, and videos
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32. The World Wide Web What is an educational Web site?
Offers avenues for formal and informal teaching and learning
Learn how airplanes fly or how to cook a meal
Some colleges offer online classes and degrees
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33. The World Wide Web What is an entertainment Web site?
Offers an interactive and engaging environment featuring music, videos, sports, games, ongoing Web episodes, sweepstakes, chats, and more
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34. The World Wide Web What is an advocacy Web site?
Contains content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea
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35. The World Wide Web What is an Web Application Web site?
Allows users to access and interact with software through a Web browser on any computer or device that is connected the Internet
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36. The World Wide Web What is a content aggregator?
Business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee
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37. The World Wide Web What is a personal Web site?
Web page maintained by private individual or family
Reasons: sharing life experience with the world or job hunting
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