1. Governance Indicators in PakistanBy
Dr. Aisha Ghaus-Pasha
Institute of Public Policy, BNU
Presented in
Governance Education Network International Conference
Governance, Sustainable Growth, Peace and Equity

2. Format of Presentation
Properties of Governance Indicators
International Sources
Does Governance Matters?
Pakistan’s Ranking Overtime
Pakistan Specific Indicators
An Information System on Governance

3. What is a Governance Indicator?
A measure that points something about the state of Governance in a jurisdiction
Measures a specific area of Governance
Types of Governance Indicators
Objective Measures: Constructed from indisputable facts ( for example, existence of a particular Institution)
Subjective Measures: Based on the views of Respondents (for example, Opinion Polls)
Composite and Aggregate Indicators
Combine different things into a single measure (Example is the World Bank Governance Matters, which draws together 31 data sources into six composite indicators)
Advantage: Increased Reliability
Disadvantage: Aggregation problem, lack of clarity

4. Checklist for Indicator Attributes
Validity
Reliability
Any Measurement Bias
Transparency
Representativeness
Aggregation Problems

5. Dimensions of Governance Indicators
Economic Governance
Political Governance
Administrative Governance

6. Key Areas of Governance
Transparency
Participation
Accountability
Leadership
General Organization and Management
Intergovernmental Relation
Rule of Law
Pro-Poor Policies
Effective Provision of Services

7. International Sources of Governance Indicators
Dimensions of Governance Indicators (59 sources)
Economic Governance
Political Governance
Administrative Governance
Areas of Governance
Voice and Accountability
Political Stability
Governance Effectiveness
Regulatory Quality
Rule of Law
Control of Corruption

8. Some Desirable Sources of Governance By NGOs or Academia
Social Watch: Measure of Social Development Social Weather Indicators: Indicator of Social and Economic Conditions at Sub-National level Local Government Performance Indicators Citizens Report Card: Measures Level of Satisfaction with Delivery of Services.

9. Does Governance Matters?
Impact of Governance Indicators on macro-economy and Social Development.
Sample of 27 developing countries
Governance Indicators
- Voice and Accountability
- Political Stability
- Government Effectiveness
- Regulatory Quality
- Rule of Law
- Control of Corruption

10. Conclusion
Good Governance does matter but only after we allow for the structure of the economy.
All areas of Governance are significant. Exception is Voice and Accountability.

11. Pakistan’s Ranking Indicators
No. of Countries
Rank
(Latest Year)
Trend
World Bank Institute
Voice and Accountability
212
172
Political Stability and Absence of violence
209
Government Effectiveness
158
Regulatory Quality
140
Rule of Law
Control of Corruption
161
Freedom House
Political Rights Score
193
142
Civil Liberties Score
162 30 29
Anti Corruption and Transparency
Accountability and Public Voice
Transparency International
Corruption Perception Index
180
139

12. Specific Indicators Economic Management Social Sector Expenditures
Size of the Government
Unemployment
State Own Enterprises
Investment
Social Sector Expenditures
Government Expenditures
Expenditures on social security
Education
Priorities in Education Budget
Pupil - Teacher Ratio
Health
Population with access to
Household Income
Budget Analysis
Current Government Finances
Overall Budget Deficit/Surplus
Taxes
Budget Priorities
Transparency and Information
Media and Communication
International Telecommunication
State Control of Media
Freedom of Expression and Mobility
Census

13. Specific Indicators Judiciary, Law and Human Rights The Parliament
Number of Cases
Average Salaries of Judges
People Arrested
Capital Punishment
The Parliament
Number of bills passed by Parliament in last 5 years
Number of ordinance passed in last 5 years
Number of seats in the parliament
Elections
Date of last Election
Voter Turnout
Parties represented

14. Setting up on Information System on Governance Indicators
Updating and Monitoring of International Ranking of Pakistan in Different Areas of Governance
Updating Indicators of Governance from National Secondary Sources
Construction of Governance Indicators from Primary Sources
- Social watch (Annual)
- Citizens Report Card (Annual)
- Local Government Performance Indicators (Biannual)
Each module will have a different Institutional Focal Point
The objective is for this Network to put together a Report annually on the State of Governance in Pakistan.

15. Major National Sources of Secondary Data on Governance
Economic Governance: Ministry of Finance at Federal and Provincial level, Federal and Provincial Bureaus of Statistics, State Bank of Pakistan, Regulatory Agencies, Auditor General, Accountability Bureau etc. Political Governance: National and Provincial Assemblies, Senate, Election Commission, Judiciary, Human Rights Commission etc Administrative Governance: National and Sub National Line Departments, Public institutes, State Enterprises. etc