1.  Key for country development and economic prosperity  Prepares people for future life and work  A human right  A public good  Long life education

2. Three levels:  Primary education (compulsory in almost all countries of the world).  Secondary education Either enroll into university or seek employment.  Higher education

4.  Education provided in public schools, state-certified private schools, or an approved home school program.

5.  The “ inquiry ” method of learning - schools are asked not only to teach the new information, but to help students ask their own questions about it.

6. The goal of American education: ① To achieve universal literacy; ② To provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote individual and general welfare.

7. 1) There are 50 educational systems in the United States. Each state enjoys freedom to develop a school system as extensive or as limited as it desires.

8. 2) Local communities are given substantial freedom to select teachers and administrators and to schedule the school year and to meet the standards by the states.

9. 3) All educational matters are left to the individual state - educational policy is generally the responsibility of boards of education and there is no one uniform pattern of state administration.

10. 4) All states require young people to attend school to age 16 or 18. Every children is guaranteed up to 13 years of education.

11.  Public schools 90%  Private schools 10% (4 out of 5 private schools are run by churches, synagogues or other religious groups)  Religious teachings are a part of the curriculum.

12. Funds for schools come from 3 sources:  Through local property taxes (approximately 50% is raised).  From the states’ budgets (approximately 40% - 50%).  Only 8% - 9% from the federal government.

13. They depend on mainly 3 sources:  student tuition  endowments (funds or property donated to institutions or individuals)  government funding

14. Education is carried out at various levels, which are mainly divided into:  Elementary school - 1 st to 5 th grade  Middle school (junior high school) – 6 th to 8 th grade  High school (or secondary education)  Post-secondary education - college or university

15.  Elementary and secondary education covers 12 years from age 6 through 18.

16. Secondary education may take place in a variety of junior and senior high schools.  Vocational and technical high schools: provide for a variety of occupations and vocations.  Academic high schools emphasize their schooling in academic and intellectual disciplines.

17. Successful applicants are chosen on the basis of: a) High school records b) Recommendations c) The impression at interviews d) Scores on the SATS (a series of educational assessments) e) Community work

18. Higher education includes: Undergraduate study - Bachelor’s degree Graduate study - Master’s degree Postgraduate study - Doctor’s degree

19. Undergraduate students are classified according to their year of study. First year : Freshmen Second Year: Sophomores Third-year Students: Juniors Fourth-year students: Seniors

20. At the undergraduate level, students usually select their “ major ” plus a specific number of “ electives ”. In order to receive a degree, an undergraduate student has to earn a certain numbers of “ credits ” (earned by attending lectures and by completing assignments and examinations).

21. A bachelor’s degree known as a major– usually four years of study:  A Bachelor of Arts (B.A.),  A Bachelor of Science (B.S.),  A Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.),  A Bachelor of Social Work (B.S.W.),  A Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.),  A Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil.)

22.  College: usually refers to an institution that concentrates on a four-year study leading to graduation with a bachelor ’ s degree;  It sometimes refers to academic units within universities.

23.  University is usually larger and provides advanced research and studies in academic areas and professional fields leading to master and doctoral degree after four years of undergraduate work.  University can refer to a public system of higher education within a state that includes many campuses.

24. Graduate study leads to a master’s degree:  Master of Arts (M.A.),  Master of Science (M.S.),  Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.),  or other less common master's degrees:  Master of Education (Med.),  Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.))

25. Graduate study leads to a doctor’s degree:  Doctor of Arts (D.A.),  Doctor of Science (D.S.),  Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.),

27.  Education in the United Kingdom has separate systems under separate governments.  Each country of the UK has its own department for education Scotland www.scotland.gov.uk/topics/education Wales Wales www.wales.gov.uk/topics/educationandskills Northern Northern Ireland Ireland www.deni.gov.uk

28. Goals :  Bring together education, health and social services  Inclusion  Children with disabilities and challenging behaviour to be educated in mainstream (‘ordinary’) schools  Personalisation  Tailoring education to individual pupil need, aptitude and interest  Community cohesion  Local, national and international  Healthy eating  Fighting the trend towards obesity in young people

29. Department for Education Local Authorities Schools and Governing Bodies

30. Community Schoolsfunded through the Local Authorities Academies funded directly by the government Free Schoolsproposed by the government to be set up in response to parental request Private schoolsfunded by private individuals organisations, or educational trusts See: www.dfe.gov.ukwww.dfe.gov.uk

31.  A head teacher and senior leaders have freedom to determine the ethos and practice of their schools … but also  full responsibility for the quality of education experienced by the young people in their care.

32. Schools are responsible for:  learning and teaching  appointment and management of all their staff  the buildings and site including playing fields  A head teacher is accountable to a Governing Body that represents parents, the community and often the Local Authority  There are national standards for head teachers  New head teachers must be accredited by the National Professional Qualification for Headship

33. EstablishmentsAge Range Pre-School NurseriesUnder 5 Primary Schools5-11 Secondary Schools11-16 or 11-18 (19) Sixth Form Colleges16-18 (19) Further Higher EducationOver 16 Special Schools3-18

34. For children from birth to five years there are six areas of learning which all providers must address:  Communication, language & Literacy  Knowledge & Understanding of the World  Physical Development  Creative Development  Personal, Social & Emotional Development  Problem Solving, Reasoning & Numeracy

35.  A child begins primary education during the school year he or she turns 5.  Education is compulsory for all children between the ages of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) and 16 and 17; before this children can be educated at nursery.

36.  Students at both state schools and independent schools typically take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examinations (the end of compulsory education)  Students may then continue their secondary studies for a further two years (sixth form), leading most typically to A-level qualifications.

37. At the age of 16 school children are free to leave school.  An increasing number of school leavers do training courses or particular jobs and careers.  Some go straight out and look a job (1/3 of such school leavers)  Those who find no immediate employment, take part in training schemes which involve on-the- job training combined with part-time college courses

38. At the age of 16 many school leavers decide to stay in full-time –education.  School leavers stay in their schools to attend a Sixth- Form-College or College of further Education Sixth form  In the education systems of England, Wales and Northern Ireland a sixth form represents the final two years of secondary education, where students prepare for their A-level (or equivalent) examinations.

39. Other qualifications and courses exist:  Business and Technology Education Council (BTEC) qualifications,  The International Baccalaureate (IB)  The Cambridge Pre-U.

40.  Students enter University from age 18 onwards, and study for an academic degree.  Higher education often begins with a three-year bachelor degree.  Students who have completed a first degree are eligible to undertake a postgraduate degree.

41.  Approx 400,000 undergraduate students enter UK universities annually  They enrol on to the more than 50,000 different courses on offer  UK has one of the highest completion rates for higher education courses in the OECD countries – http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?story Code=151645&sectioncode=26

42.  Business and administrative studies  Engineering and technology  Social, economic and political studies  Computer science  Creative arts and design  Medicine and biological sciences  Languages www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk

43. EstablishmentsKey Stage(s)Main Assessments Primary SchoolsFoundation Stage 1 2National Tests (11) Secondary Schools3434GCSE (16) Sixth Form Colleges5AS A2 GCSE – General Certificate of Secondary Education AS – first year of Advanced Level course A2 – second/final year of Advanced Level

44. At the age of 16 school children pass:  GCSE exams - General Certificate of Secondary Education (England, Wales and Northern Ireland) – the system of marks is from A to G  Scottish Certificate of Education (SCE) (Scotland) - the system of marks is in numbers (number 1 is the best)

45.  A levels are exams passed after completing a Sixth Form College or a Sixth Form at the age of 18 (England, Wales and Northern Ireland)  SCE “Highers” are the Scottish equivalent of A- levels  Typically a student will pass three A-levels

46.  GNVQ (General National Vocational Qualification) are courses and exams in job- related subjects which are studied at the Colleges of Further Education and are divided into five levels

47. Levels of knowledge General EnglsihBusiness English English for Lawyers Financial EnglsihGeneral Englsih Common European Framework and ALTE levels Cambridge ESOL General English Certificates Cambridge ESOL Business English Certificates ILEC International Legal English Certificate ICFE International Certificate in Financial English IELTS International English Language Testing System YLE Cambridge Young Learners English Tests C2 Good User CPE Certificate of Proficiency in English (950-1050 sati učenja) 7.5 + C1 Competent User CAE Certificate in Advanced English (750-800 sati učenja) BEC Higher ILEC C1ICFE C16.5 – 7.0 B2 Independent User FCE First Certificate in English (500-600 sati učenja) BEC Vantage ILEC B2ICFE B25.0 – 6.0 B1 Threshold User PET Preliminary English Test (250 - 300 sati učenja) BEC Preliminary 3.5 – 4.5 A2 Waystage User KET Key English Test (180 - 200 sati učenja) 3.0Flyers A1 Breakthrough 1.0 – 2.5 Starters Movers

48. My current level is : I need : IELTS 6.0 TOEFL 540 CBTOEFL 207 iBT TOEFL 76 IELTS 6.5 TOEFL 560 CBTOEFL 220 iBT TOEFL 83 IELTS 4.5 TOEFL 457 CBTOEFL 137 iBT TOEFL 47 PEAP 15 weeksPEAP 20 weeks IELTS 5.0 TOEFL 480 CBTOEFL 157 iBT TOEFL 55 PEAP 10 weeksPEAP 15 weeks IELTS 5.5 TOEFL 510 CBTOEFL 180 iBT TOEFL 64 PEAP 05 weeksPEAP 10 weeks IELTS 6.0 TOEFL 540 CBTOEFL 207 iBT TOEFL 76 PEAP 05 weeks

49. CORE SUBJECTS  English  Mathematics  Science

50.  Art  Geography  History  Music  Design and Technology  Information and Communications Technology  Sex and Relationship Education  Careers Education  Citizenship  Physical Education  Religious Education

51. Students aged 14-16  Compulsory subjects, e.g. Mathematics  Entitlement subjects, e.g. Modern Foreign Language  ‘Options’ – examples:  Business Studies  Media Studies  Dance  Drama

52. - Universities select students on the basis of A- level results and interviews - The course of studies in England, Wales and Northern Ireland is three years, but for modern languages and certain vocational studies are four years - In Scotland four years is the norm for most subjects

53. Bachelor Degree:  a Bachelor of Arts  a Bachelor of Science Master Degree  a Master of Arts  a Master of Sciences Doctorate  a Doctor of Philosophy

54.  Master’s degree (taught or by research, typically taken in one year, though research- based master's degrees may last for two)  Doctorate (typically taken in three years)  Universities require a Royal Charter (a formal document issued by a monarch, granting a right or power to an individual - are financed by the state via tuition fees, which cost up to £9,000 a term for English, Welsh and EU students.

55.  Research-based Doctorate (PhD/DPhil)  Awarded after a minimum of three years of supervised research  But it is important to recognise that only a minority are completed within this period – and all applicants must be sure of their funding to cover the often uncertain period required to complete what is, by definition, innovative research – see the report below. http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2005/05_02/05_02.pdfhttp://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2005/05_02/05_02.pdf) A useful example of PhD regulations can be found at http://www.campus.manchester.ac.uk/medialibr ary/researchoffice/graduateeducation/reg- phd.pdf

56.  Accommodation and Subsistence  University accommodation is usually about £60.00 – £100.00 per week for term time, depending on facilities – but usually including electricity/heating  Independent accommodation– usually students sharing rented houses (often ‘accredited’ by the university) – can work out similar, depending on type of accommodation. But watch possible add-ons like heating.  Subsistence is based on how much food is bought, along with ‘general personal maintenance’ – hairdressers, getting shoes repaired, or whatever.  As an example, Nottingham Trent University advises that students will require, in total, approximately £600 per month to cover living costs in Nottingham.

57. More than 130 universities in United Kingdom:  ‘Ancient’ universities – Oxford and Cambridge  19 th century universities i.e. Birmingham Manchester  Post 1945 i.e. Nottingham  Post 1962 i.e. Warwick, Kent  Post 1992 (re-designation of Polytechnics) i.e. Nottingham Trent, Leeds Metropolitan  Post 2005 i.e. Chester, Winchester

58.  All of universities in the United Kingdom are independent and self-governing, (and thus ‘non-state’) legal entities.  Nonetheless, a substantial amount of their funding comes from the state – mainly in support of the undergraduate programmes and capital investment  However, universities are accelerating the percentage of their revenue from own income generation – through post-graduate and professional courses, research income, international students and the controversial ‘top-up’ fees for ‘home’ students (currently with the exception of Scottish ‘home’ students.)

59.  Each university is empowered (by Royal Charter or Act of Parliament) to develop its own courses and to award its own degrees.  Each university decides  the degrees it offers  the conditions on which they are awarded  what students to admit  what staff to appoint

60.  The University of Buckingham (founded in 1976) is the only Private University in UK  It is independent of government money and relies on student fees and private research grants and endowments  It has two-year undergraduate programmes  It has a large proportion of international students (70%)

61. OXBRIDGE (OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE) They are federations of semi-independent colleges Each college has its own staff known as “Fellows” The “Fellows” teach the students either one-to- one or in small groups (tutorials and supervisions) lecturers and lab works are organized at university level before 1970 all Oxbridge colleges were single-sex nowadays the majority admit both sexes

62. The Old Scottish Universities - They are Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and St Andrews - St Andrews resembles Oxbridge - Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen resemble civic universities - In all of them the pattern of education is closer to the continental than to the English one

63. The early 19 th -century English universities  The University of London is the representative of this group  Each college is almost a separate university  Colleges are non-residential

64. The Older Civic (Redbrick) Universities  Used to be various institutions with a technical bias  Appeared in main industrial cities (Leeds, Birmingham, Manchester)  Were built of local material, often brick in contrast to the stone ones  Prepared students for London University Degree  Were given the right to award their own degrees and became universities

65. The Newer Civic Universities (Aston, University of Salford Manchester)  They were originally technical colleges  In 1970es became polytechnics (were allowed to teach degree courses)  In 1990es most of them became universities  Their notable feature is a “sandwich course”

66. The Campus University  Purpose-built institutions located in the countryside but close to towns  East Anglia, Lancaster, Sussex  New academic disciplines are introduced such as social studies  Teaching in small groups known as “seminars”

67. The Republic of Serbia

68. Pre-school/kindergarten (compulsory) Primary education (compulsory) Secondary education Higher education

69. Primary education between age 6/7 to 14/15) - two education cycles: the first from first to fourth grade (organized through the classroom teaching) and the second cycle of fifth to eighth grade (through subject teaching).

70. Secondary education – 4 years:  Grammar,  Vocational  Art schools

71. University, Faculty art academy, College of professional studies.

72.  First degree : o undergraduate academics studies o undergraduate professional studies  Second degree: o graduate academic studies - Master o specialist professional studies o specialist academic studies.  Doctoral academic studies - third degree.

73.  Bachelor - the person that completes the undergraduate academic/ professional studies obtains the professional title of first degree of academic/professional studies in the appropriate field - Bachelor’s degree.  Master - graduate academic studies can be organized by a university, faculty and college, and last one or two years (depending on the duration of undergraduate academic studies). After completing this studies the person gains the academic title - Master.

74.  Doctoral studies can be organized by universities or faculties and last at least one year, provided undergraduate and graduate academic studies that last at least five years.

75. Undergraduate The academic studies 180 -240 ECTS B.Sc. The diploma academic studies 60 -120ECTS M.Sc. The doctoral studies have at least 180 ECTS The basic professional studies have 180 ECTS credits The Law on Higher Education The specialized professional studies 60 ECTS The academic study programs in medical sciences with the total volume of maximum 360 ECTS.

76. Main grading system used by higher education institutions:  5-10 grading scale is used, with 6 as a pass level.  Highest on scale is 10, pass / fail level is 6 and 5 and the lowest on scale is 5.

77. Republic of Serbia NATIONAL COUNCIL OF HIGHER EDUCATION The National Council of Higher Education determined scientific, artistic and vocational areas within fields referred to in Article 27 of the Law on Higher Education based on the proposal of the University Conference of Serbia (UCS) and the Conference of high school principals. 1.Field of life-mathematics sciences 2.Field of technical/technological sciences 3.Field of behavioral-humanistic sciences 4.Field of medical sciences 5.Field of arts

78. 1. FIELD OF LIFE-MATHEMATICS SCIENCES 1.1. Biological sciences 1.2. Geo-sciences 1.3. Mathematic sciences 1.4. Environmental sciences and ergonomics 1.5. Computer sciences 1.6. Physical sciences 1.7. Physical and chemical sciences 1.8. Chemical sciences 2. FIELD OF TECHNICAL/TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2.1. Architecture 2.2. Biotechnical sciences 2.3. Civil engineering 2.4. Geodetic engineering 2.5. Electrical and computer engineering 2.6. Industrial engineering and engineering management 2.7. Environment protection engineering 2.8. Mechanical engineering 2.9. Organizational sciences 2.10. Mine engineering 2.11. Traffic engineering 2.12. Technological engineering 2.13. Metallurgical engineering

79. 3. FIELD OF BEHAVIORAL-HUMANISTIC SCIENCES 3.1. Librarianship, archiving and museology 3.2. Economic sciences 3.3. Historical and archeological sciences 3.4. Cultural sciences and communicology 3.5. Management and business 3.6. Pedagogical sciences 3.7. Political sciences 3.8. Legal sciences 3.9. Psychological sciences 3.10. Sociological sciences 3.11. Theology 3.12. Philosophy 3.13. Philological sciences 3.14. Sciences of arts 4. FIELD OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 4.1. Veterinarian sciences 4.2. Medical sciences 4.3. Special education and rehabilitation 4.4. Dental sciences 4.5. Pharmaceutical sciences 4.6. Physical education and sports 5. FIELD OF ARTS 5.1. Drama and audio visual arts 5.2. Visual arts 5.3. Music and performance arts 5.4. Applied arts and music

80. THE BASIC PROFESSIONAL STUDIES the completion of the basic The qualifications which mark the completion of the basic professional studies professional studies shall be acquired by the student who:  demonstrated their knowledge in their study area, based on the previous education and able to use professional literature;  capable of applying knowledge and understanding the profession;  capable of transmitting knowledge to others;  capable of continuing studies;  capable for team work.

81. THE BASIC ACADEMIC STUDIES the basic academic studies The qualifications which mark the completion of the basic academic studies shall be acquired by the students who:  demonstrated knowledge in the study area based on the previous education and which enables them to use professional literature, but also covered some aspects relying on key knowledge of their study area;  capable of applying knowledge and understanding in the manner which reveals professional approach to the job or knowledge and have the abilities most frequently expressed in thoughtful arguments and solving problems within the study areas;  capable of collecting and interpreting necessary data;  capable of thinking of relevant social, scientific and ethical issues;  develop abilities for continuation of studies.

82. the completion of doctoral studies The qualifications which mark the completion of doctoral studies shall be acquired by the students who:  demonstrated system understanding of certain studies; who mastered the skills and methods of research in their field;  demonstrated the ability to conceive, design and apply; who demonstrated the ability of adaptation of the research process with the necessary degree of academic integrity;  by their own original research and work achieved the creation which pushed the frontiers of knowledge published and which is of national and international reference;  capable of critical analysis, appraisal and synthesis of new and complex ideas;  capable of transmitting professional knowledge and ideas to their colleagues, wider academic community and society at large;  capable of imparting, in the academic and professional setting, the technological, social or cultural progress. DOCTORAL STUDIES