1.  At the end of the _______________, there was a period of economic prosperity that would last until 1929. ◦ How did the industrialization of the mid-1900s evolve? ◦ Did every social group benefit from this?

2.  End of 19 th century – economic difficulties had hurt population growth.  Beginning of 20 th Century, changed ◦ Federal Government – Sir Wilfrid Laurier stimulates immigration  Western land given away cheaply  Offered to subsidize transportation for each passenger (maritime railway or ferry companies)  Publicity campaign in US and Europe  Attracted 3 million immigrants, mostly from Europe 1896- 1914. ◦ Many immigrants settled in cities – formed large, cheap workforce. ◦ Majority headed to Western Canada. ◦ 1901 – 1921: Prairie population quadruples (2 million) ◦ 1905 – two new provinces: Alberta and Saskatchewan

3. ◦ Majority headed to ________________________. ◦ 1901 – 1921: Prairie population quadruples (2 million) ◦ 1905 – two new provinces: _______________ and ________________________ ◦ Prairie region excelled in _________ production. ◦ Most was exported to Europe  Rising price of wheat  Low cost of transportation costs  Era was called the “Wheat Boom"

4.  Prosperity at turn of century accelerated Canada’s ______________________process. ◦ First-phase factories expanded ◦ New factories were built ◦ New sectors appeared due to demand ◦ Characterized by the increased development of _____________________________ ◦ New industries developed:  _________________, ______________, mining and pulp and paper. ◦ Not only limited to cities – even outlying areas gained (_______________)

5.  The American Way ◦ Development of natural resources controlled mostly by _________________ ◦ Much capital came from Americans – controlled much of Quebec’s economy. ◦ Many of the new projects involved large capital investments  Companies would joined forces  This created ___________________  Reduce competition  Fix prices  Increase profits

6.  ________________the Cities ◦ 20 th century, cities continue to attract rural population ◦ 1920 – _________ population greater than _________ ◦ Due to immigration, Montreal became a ___________ city – Jews, Italians, Chinese, Irish, Portuguese, Slovenians, an other ethnic groups made up certain neighbourhoods. ◦ Streets were paved over – for the _____ ◦ Mass transit helped along – ________________

7. ◦ ___________________ expanded  Water and sewage systems  Public baths and parks  Electricity supplied throughout city ◦ Buildings were built _______________ ◦ Movie theatres were built ◦ _____________ ◦ Stores  Economic boom did not benefit everyone ◦ Working-class neighbourhoods – __________________ ◦ Infant _____________ very high

8.  1914, ______________ broke out in Europe.  Canada fought alongside ___________.  Supplied manufactured goods and agricultural produce.  Federal government imposes a system of _____________(limited access to certain goods) and a tax on income to finance the war ◦ Birth of Income tax (Federal)

9.  __________________________ ◦ Beginning of war – participation was voluntary ◦ July 1917 – Government adopted conscription. This pitted two groups against each other:  The __________________:  Supported the British Empire  Favoured conscription  Majority of English Canadians  ________________________:  Advocates for greater Canadian political autonomy  Opposed to conscription  Majority French Canadians

10.  Canadian Autonomy ◦ Canada’s war effort (humanitarian/economic level) garnered respect from Great Britain  1931 – ______________________________  Granted Canada complete autonomy, except to modify the Constitution.

11.  reassessed relations with Britain  1911 Britain asked Canada to help arm the British Empire with warships  opinion divided  1911 elections: Robert Laird Borden conservatives in power: _____________________  helped stimulate the economy

12.  Canada involved due to member of the British Empire  provided _________, mobilized _____________, made _______________  industries worked at full capacity

13.  _________ went to Europe to fight  labour shortage at home so _______________ recruited for work  women now had some financial independence  many wanted greater autonomy  groups organized to demand equality in economics and politics  Suffragettes wanted the right to vote, obtained ______________in 1917, _______________1940

14.  Canada on a road to independence  1919: _______________________created ◦ Canada wanted to be represented as a country not a colony ◦ Granted  war over with the ___________________ in 1919  Canada participated in the negotiations, showing their independence

15.  1926: William Lyon Mackenzie King, prime minister, attends Imperial Conference ◦ wanted British Prime Minister to define Canada’s legal status, and specify powers ◦ Balfour Report published: recognized autonomy of colonies, but not legal  1931: British Parliament officially passed the ___________________________ ◦ new law: Statue of Westminster, gave almost complete independence to the Dominion of Canada ◦ British Parliament still had right to intervene in constitutional matters  50 years later Great Britain presented the Canadian Constitution to the Canadian government. ◦ patriated in 1982

16.  spectacular growth in the 1920s  cities grew rapidly  industrial production grew rapidly  families bought new products  end in October 24, 1929- Black Thursday, NYC stock exchanged crashed  following decades unemployment soared  state called into question

17.  1920s were a time of _________________, caused mostly from the optimism carried over from the boom (War efforts)  Industrialists produced more than they could sell ◦ Were left with a surplus ◦ Stockholders panicked and tried to sell all of their shares  October 24, 1929 – New York Stock Exchange plummets (The Crash)  One day to the next, thousands of investors became __________________  Industrialized countries fell into economic depression – 10 years, until ___________________

18. Please Complete Pages 164-166