1. Mr. Ramos

2.  Objectives ◦ Explain how to be prepared for a medical emergency. ◦ Identify the steps to take in an emergency. ◦ Describe the steps involved in rescue breathing and CPR. ◦ Explain how to use abdominal thrusts for choking. ◦ Explain how to give first aid for shock and bleeding. ◦ Discuss first aid procedures for burns, poisoning, broken bones, dislocations, and sprains.

3.  First aid is the immediate and temporary care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly becomes ill.  An emergency is a serious situation that occurs without warning.

4.  Before you can give first aid, you must have consent, or permission.  If the victim is unconscious, you may act according to the Good Samaritan Law.  Follow universal precautions when giving first aid to avoid contact with pathogens. ◦ Vinyl or Latex Gloves ◦ Wash hands with soap ◦ Use face mask for CPR ◦ Cover cuts or scrapes on body ◦ Do not touch your mouth, eyes, or nose while caring for victim ◦ Do not eat while giving first aid

5.  Survey the scene  Tap person on shoulder & shout “hey are you ok?”  Ask someone to call 9-1-1 & get an AED.  Check if person is breathing.  (if not breathing) Check for pulse.  (if no pulse) perform CPR

8.  Rescue breathing is used to restore breathing to a person who is unconscious and not breathing but has a pulse.  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is used when the person has no pulse.

13.  Choking is an emergency in which the airway is blocked by a piece of food or other small object.  Encourage victim to cough.  If the victim cannot talk or cough, then the airway is completely blocked.  The universal distress signal is a warning that a person has difficulty breathing.

14.  Abdominal thrusts are a series of thrusts to the abdomen to force air from the lungs to dislodge an object.

18.  Shock is a dangerous reduction in blood flow. ◦ Signs: fainting, dizziness, confusion or weakness; cool and clammy skin; blue fingernails and lips; weak but rapid pulse with shallow breaths.  Call 9-1-1  Lie down with legs raised above heart level.  Loosen tight clothing.  Keep victim warm.  Do not give victim food or drink.

19.  Call 9-1-1 if excess bleeding  Follow universal precautions  Place a clean cloth or sterile dressing on wound & apply pressure  Raise the wound above heart level  Use a roller bandage to cover the cloth when the bleeding stops.

21.  First degree burn is a mild burn that affects the first, or outer, layer of skin. ◦ Run cool water over burn ◦ Don’t use ice, cream, butter or grease ◦ Cover small burns ◦ Healing takes about 6 days to heal

22.  Second degree burns are serious & affect the 2 nd & 3 rd layer of skin. ◦ White or red skin appearance ◦ Rinse with cool water ◦ Call 9-1-1 ◦ Do not break blisters ◦ Takes 2-4 weeks to heal

23.  A third degree burn is an extremely serious burn that damages all layers of the skin, & sometimes the tissues below the skin, causing loss of fluid & sometimes shock. ◦ Dark & charred skin ◦ Use cool water ◦ Call 9-1-1 ◦ Use rescue breathing if needed & treat for shock

24.  Signs of poisoning: ◦ Nausea ◦ Difficulty breathing ◦ Vomiting ◦ Chest pain ◦ Abdominal cramps ◦ Sweating ◦ Rashes ◦ Seizures Call 1-800-222-1222 U.S. National Poison Hotline Do not induce vomiting or give fluids unless instructed to do so. For poisons on the skin, wash gently with soap & run water for 10 minutes. Call 1-800-222-1222 U.S. National Poison Hotline Do not induce vomiting or give fluids unless instructed to do so. For poisons on the skin, wash gently with soap & run water for 10 minutes.

25.  Signs of broken bones include hearing or feeling a snap or difficulty moving the injured area.  Call 9-1-1  Never move a victim with a neck or back injury.  Use a splint to keep the injured part from moving.  Apply ice or a cold pack.

26.  A dislocation occurs when a bone moves from its joint.  Call 9-1-1  Keep joint from moving  Use a splint & apply a cold compress

27.  A sprain is a torn or over stretched ligament.  Sprains cause swelling & pain.  Bruises may appear.  Remember PRICE to treat sprains ◦ Protect – splint, tape, or brace ◦ Rest ◦ Ice – 15 to 20 minutes for 3 to 5 times a day ◦ Compression – wear elastic bandage for 2 days ◦ Elevate – elevate injury above heart