1. What about abnormal skin colorations? Abnormal skin colorations:
Cyanosis
Pallor
Jaundice
Albinism
Erythema
Cyan = blue
Pallo = sway
Albi = white
Eryth = red

2. How do you explain Deed’s foot?
What would cause that color?
Is the lack of sensation a symptom you would attribute to that color? Why or why not?
What parts of the scene are “fakey”?

3. What is the reality? Developing gangrene risks:
Chronic lack of sufficient blood flow!
Conditions causing this:
Diabetes
Atherosclerosis
Thrombosis - a clot in a blood vessel, also related to atherosclerosis
Extreme cold injury (frostbite).

4. Why are burns some of the most painful injuries?
Eschar
Burns are ranked based on the severity and the depth of tissue destruction.
1st degree: Epithelium damaged ~ red & painful, NO blisters
2nd degree: Epithelium & some dermis damaged ~ red, white or tan, very painful, BLISTERS present
3rd degree (full thickness) All layers damaged ~ black, NO pain, NO blisters

6. How do you determine the extent of a burn?
Have you ever wondered how they measure % of body burned?
They use the rule of 9s. 9 9
+9 = 18
= 36 1 18
+18 = 36
= 100%

7. How do skin wounds heal? Blood clot forms (we’ll discuss later)
Variety of new cells migrate to damaged area
Fibroblast divide rapidly and capillaries invade tissue
Fibrin replaced with other fibers 1 2 3 4

8. How does age affect your integumentary system?
As skin ages it loses:
Elasticity
Thickness
Melanocytes (snowbird)
Sebaceous gland activity
Sweat gland activity
Capillary density
What is the effect of each of these losses?
How about cumulative effects?

9. Is all skin cancer equally dangerous?
Types are identified based on the type of cells that mutate: Basal cell carcinoma
Least dangerous, start as “shiny” bump, center becomes concave and ulcerus
Squamous cell carcinoma
Raised, red, “scaly” & ulcerus, can metastasize
Melanoma
Dark, flat, irregular, most deadly