1. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Network Technology Associate v2.0

2. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Lesson 1: Introduction to Networking

3. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Lesson 1 Objectives Define telephony and convergence networking Identify network topologies Describe the OSI/RM and the packet-creation process Define the nature and purpose of TCP/IP Define LANs and WANs Describe server-based and peer-to-peer networks Describe a Network Operations Center (NOC) Describe peer-to-peer and server-based networks Distinguish between distributed architectures and database models

4. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Telephony and Convergence Networking PSTN – still an integral part of the Internet infrastructure because it furnishes most of the long-distance connections Voice over IP (VoIP) – voice transmissions are delivered in digital form as packets of data using an Internet connection and hardware or software installed on personal computers Unified communications enable voice to be converted into text, and vice versa Presencing – the ability for devices to automatically track and report your location and availability

5. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Mainframes Mainframe (centralized) computing provided the first practical network solution –Retrieving information from mainframes –Mainframe liabilities –The future of mainframes –Mainframes and cloud computing / Software as a Service (SaaS)

6. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Mainframe Networking Model

7. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Client/Server Model Client/server model (distributed computing) divides processing tasks between the client and the server

8. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Client/Server Model (cont'd) Client/server model databases and SQL Hadoop Client/server advantages Two-tier, three-tier and n-tier computing

9. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Network Operations Center (NOC) A specific location from which a network is managed, monitored and maintained Central point for network maintenance and troubleshooting Generally includes multiple, redundant network connections and redundant power supplies Many have dedicated phone lines from a separate provider and mobile phones to ensure communication in an emergency

10. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Networking Categories Peer-to-peer –Microsoft peer-to-peer –P2P –Centralized or decentralized Server-based –UNIX/Linux –Microsoft Windows Server

11. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Network Topologies Bus Star Ring Hybrid Mesh

12. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Network Operating Systems Operating systems that manage network resources Interoperability Microsoft Windows UNIX/Linux

13. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved OSI Reference Model Defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1983 Gives developers universal concepts so they can develop and perfect protocols that can work with operating system and network products developed by other vendors Explains the framework used to connect heterogeneous systems Describes the process of packet creation (how the layers communicate)

14. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved OSI Model Layers

15. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Packets Packets consist of: –Header (OSI/RM layer information) –Actual data –Trailer (information that validates the packet) CRC

16. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Packet Creation ( Adding Headers )

17. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved OSI/RM Protocol Examples Application layer –SMTP, DNS, FTP, HTTP, SMB, NFS Transport layer –TCP Network layer –IP Data link layer –Ethernet, Token Ring

18. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Major Networking Protocols Connection-oriented (stateful) Connectionless (stateless) Routable Non-routable

19. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol A collection of protocols –TCP –IP –User Datagram Protocol (UDP) An open standard

20. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Binding Protocols Binding protocols –You must attach, or bind, protocols to your NIC Protocols and binding order

21. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Local Area Networks (LANs) A group of computers connected within a confined geographic area Commonly used for intra-office communication

22. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Wide Area Networks (WANs) A group of computers connected over an expansive geographic area

23. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Internet Exchange Point (IXP) Internet backbones Segments

24. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Lesson 1 Summary Define telephony and convergence networking Identify network topologies Describe the OSI/RM and the packet-creation process Define the nature and purpose of TCP/IP Define LANs and WANs Describe server-based and peer-to-peer networks Describe a Network Operations Center (NOC) Describe peer-to-peer and server-based networks Distinguish between distributed architectures and database models

25. Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Network Technology Associate v2.0 Introduction to Networking Networking Components and Standards Connecting to the Internet Internet Services Hardware and Device Connectivity Network and Cloud Security Risks