1. A Reference Architecture for All IP Wireless Networks
ITSUMO Group
An SAIC Company

2. The Objective
Propose
a reference architecture for all IP wireless networks, and
an architecture for interworking of the proposed reference model with the existing wireless/wireline infrastructure.

3. Reference Architecture of All IP Wireless Networks
Signaling &
Control
Visiting Network
Wireline IP backbone network
BSC BS
Home Network
MRC
Internet
Regional IP network

4. Network Elements Mobile Station (MS) Base Station (BS)
User terminal
Adaptive software radios, i.e., full flexibility in the frequency band
Signaling entity
Base Station (BS)
Adaptive software remote multiplexer/demultiplexer
Essentially a MAC layer repeater
Base Station Controller (BSC)
A multi-port bridge (or Switch) with an IP interface to MRC
Interacts with the network control and management system (via the MRC) to control and manage base stations.

5. Network Elements Mobile Routing Center (MRC) Signaling & Control
An IP Router
Default router of all MSs behind it
May also include BSC functions
Signaling & Control
connection management
means of interaction
between users and network control system, and
among network control entities
MAAAQ, i.e.,
Mobility management,
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA), and
QoS management

6. Interworking with today’s Mobile Telephony & PSTN
PSTN & 1G/2G Signaling & Control
ALL-IP Signaling & Control
IWU
1G/2G
Access
Wireline IP backbone
1G/2G
WG2
Access TG
PSTN
WG3 3G
Access
WG3 3G
Access 3G
Access
3G Circuit & Packet
3G Circuit & Packet
3G Packet only

7. Merits of the Architecture Pros & Cons
Multiple Data Links: The IP traffic whose source and destination are both on the IP subnet of the ACN network need not pass through any ATM subnet, and avoids the ATM segmentation and reassembly (SAR) processing and overhead. The ATM SAR function introduces some processing delay as well as transmission overhead of about ten percent of total throughput (i.e., 5/48 = 0.104). Thus, with the multiple data links approach, the IP subnet traffic avoids up to about ten percent loss of link utilization. Note that when the source of a communication is on IP subnet and its destination is on the ATM subnet of ACN network (which may not occur in reality), the SAR can not be avoided. In addition, the multiple data links alternative dictates a static partitioning of the cross link bandwidth between the “IP -bearing” and ATM data links. This static resource sharing is usually less efficient, particularly, when the load of either the IP subnet or the ATM subnet is light while the other link is saturated.
Single ATM Data Link: The advantages of this alternative are that:
It allows the traffic of the IP and ATM subnets to use the signaling and traffic management features of a single data link mechanism (i.e., ATM in this case) to dynamically utilize the bandwidth of the cross-link as necessary.
It can utilize the control and management capabilities of ATM to facilitate QoS support for IP and native ATM applications of ACN subscribers. For instance, it can use the signaling and QoS features of ATM to determine and allocate the necessary capacity for the IP subnet traffic.
The disadvantages of this alternative are that i) all traffic of the IP subnet, regardless of the destination, will experience additional SAR delay and transmission overhead, and ii) ATM cell loss have a more drastic impact on the performance of the IP traffic because loss of a single cell in an IP packet triggers its retransmission.

8. Summary & Open Issues Summary Open Issues
Proposed a reference model for All IP wireless networks and its interworking with existing infrastructure for
review,
enhancement, and
adoption
in 3GPP2.
Open Issues
The exact functions of IP-centric BS, BSC, MRC, and signaling and control
The exact functions WG2 and WG3