1. 1 What is self-archiving …and why should I care? Daniel Graziotin Faculty of Computer Science Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 26/09/2013

2. 2 Why..should I self-archive? Where / How Tools to guide, archives When When is the time to self-archive? Conclusions Final remarks What Paywalls, eprints, Copyright, and self-archiving 1 2 3 4 5

3. 3 Scenario “There is a research opportunity. The area is not completely common for us. Deadline is yesterday”

4. 4 Photo: [JO]² - Immortal Lens (Youssef Hanna)/flickr

5. 5 In Desperate Need for a Definition What would a good researcher do?

6. 6 In Desperate Need for a Definition What would a good researcher do? Of course, -> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-archivinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-archiving

7. 7 ‣ Self-archiving

8. 8 ‣ “Yes, a reference for the definition!”

9. 9 #$*@&!!!! A Paywall! What Paywalls

10. 10 ‣ It costs 16 USD to access this article Standard price is 30/40 USD What if we need 15 articles? How many purchases? What Paywalls

11. 11 ‣ It costs 16USD to access this article Standard price is 30/40 USD What if we need 15 articles for a literature review? How many purchases for selecting 15 of them? ‣ The Library can provide it for us …in an awkwardly scanned PDF …often, in 30+ days What Paywalls

12. 12 ‣ It costs 16USD to access this article Standard price is 30/40 USD What if we need 15 articles for a literature review? How many purchases for selecting 15 of them? ‣ The Library can provide it for us …in an awkwardly scanned PDF …often, in 30+ days ‣ Alternatives? What Paywalls

13. 13 What Eprints

14. 14 Alternatives? What Eprints

15. 15 ‣ EPRINT ‣ A digital version of a research document (article, thesis, conference paper, …) Freely accessible online ‣ Where are them? Authors’ websites University repositories Other repositories Source: [1,2] What Eprints

16. 16 PREPRINT ‣ Draft of scientific paper ‣ Not yet been formally accepted for publication ‣ Usually, before review ‣ Including revised papers ‣ major revisions ‣ Minor revisions Source: [3] What Preprints, postprints, and the publisher’s PDF

17. What 17 Preprints, postprints, and the publisher’s PDF PREPRINT ‣ Draft of scientific paper ‣ Not yet been formally accepted for publication ‣ Usually, before review ‣ Including revised papers ‣ major revisions ‣ Minor revisions POSTPRINT ‣ The accepted paper ‣ Not the published paper ‣ Author-generated Source: [3]

18. What 18 Preprints, postprints, and the publisher’s PDF PREPRINT ‣ Draft of scientific paper ‣ Not yet been formally accepted for publication ‣ Usually, before review ‣ Including revised papers ‣ major revisions ‣ Minor revisions POSTPRINT ‣ The accepted paper ‣ Not the published paper ‣ Author-generated PUBLISHER PDF ‣ The published paper ‣ Type-setted ‣ “Good-looking” ‣ Downloadable from publisher/journal website Source: [3]

19. What ‣ When researchers make publicly available copies of preprints and postprints On their personal website On a university repository On a public repository 19 Self-archiving

20. What ‣ When researchers make publicly available copies of preprints and postprints On their personal website On a university repository On a public repository ‣ Also known as green Open Access [4] 20 Self-archiving

21. What ‣ When researchers make publicly available copies of preprints and postprints ‣ Also known as green Open Access ‣ Is it allowed? 21 Self-archiving

22. What ‣ When researchers make publicly available copies of preprints and postprints ‣ Is it allowed? Most of the time Granted in Copyright Transfer Agreements of most publishers ACM, IEEE, INFORMS, Elsevier, ME Sharpe, Palgrave Macmillan, Springer Verlag, John Wiley and Sons [4] 22 Self-archiving

23. What 23 Copyright Transfer Agreement

24. What 24 Copyright Transfer Agreement and self-archiving ‣ 8. Electronic Preprints. Before submitting [..], authors frequently post their manuscripts to their own web site, their employer’s site, or to another server that invites constructive comment from colleagues. [..] ‣ Upon publication of an article [..], the author must replace any previously posted electronic versions of the article with either the full citation to the IEEE work with a [..] link to the article abstract in IEEE Xplore, or the accepted version only [the postprint!] (not the IEEE-published version), including the IEEE copyright notice and full citation, with a link to the final, published article in IEEE Xplore

25. 25 Why..should I self-archive? Where / How Tools to guide, archives When When is the time to self-archive? Conclusions Final remarks What Paywalls, eprints, Copyright, and self-archiving 1 2 3 4 5

26. Why self-archiving? 26 First, because we can Source: Name of Data Provider Scientific Publishers Self-archiving allowance Source: [5] However, under different conditions

27. Why self-archiving? 27 However, not that achieved Source: Name of Data Provider Scientific Publishers Self-archiving allowance Source: [5]

28. Why self-archiving? ‣ Allowed by ~90% of scientific publishers, achieved by ~15% of papers ‣ As a “community service” Every time you hit a paywall, think about how easily it can be avoided 28 A WIN-WIN Game

29. Why self-archiving? ‣ Allowed by ~90% of scientific publishers, achieved by ~15% of papers ‣ As a “community service” ‣ As an advantage for your research Significantly wider audience – including Industry [6] 29 A WIN-WIN Game

30. Why self-archiving? ‣ Allowed by ~90% of scientific publishers, achieved by ~15% of papers ‣ As a “community service” ‣ As an advantage for your research Significantly wider audience – including Industry [6] Significant gain in the number of citations [7,8] 30 A WIN-WIN Game

31. 31 Why..should I self-archive? Where / How Tools to guide, archives When When is the time to self-archive? Conclusions Final remarks What Paywalls, eprints, Copyright, and self-archiving 1 2 3 4 5

32. Where / How to self-archive ‣ Not all Copyright Transfer Agreements are that clear Was it clear? Is there a clever, faster way to understand? 32 Recalling the Copyright Transfer Agreement seen before

33. Where / How to self-archive ‣ Not all Copyright Transfer Agreements are that clear Is there a clever, faster way? ‣ rchiveit – can I self-archive my scientific preprint? ‣ http://rchive.it 33 rchiveit

34. Where / How to self-archive 34 rchiveit

35. Where / How to self-archive 35 rchiveit

36. Where / How to self-archive ‣ Additional conditions are listed ‣ Links to Copyright Transfer Agreements ‣ Free to use ‣ Employs SHERPA/RoMEO APIs ‣ http://rchive.it http://rchive.it 36 rchiveit

37. Where / How to self-archive ‣ On our personal website (including unibz.it/~name) Google Scholar finds it Simple Web pages are not forever [9] 37 Personal Websites

38. Where / How to self-archive ‣ On our personal website (including unibz.it/~name) ‣ On a repository arXiv figshare Many others.. 38 Personal Websites

39. Where / How to self-archive ‣ arXiv.org Most famous, employed, and sustained Only eprints ‣ figshare.com 39 Public Repositories

40. Where / How to self-archive ‣ arXiv.org ‣ figshare.com Newcomer “Cool” and fresh Any research outputs (including figures, tables, presentations, and datasets) - What is self-archiving - and why should I care? Daniel Graziotin. figshare 1(1). DOI=10.6084/m9.figshare.806275figshare10.6084/m9.figshare.806275 Also Open-Data Subject of future presentation 40 Public Repositories

41. Where / How to self-archive ‣ Pronounced “archive” ‣ Launched in 1991, operated by Cornell University ‣ Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy, Computer Science, … ‣ World-wide distributed and founded (including EU) ‣ > 7000 articles / month ‣ Indexed in the DBLP and Google Scholar 41 arXiv

42. Where / How to self-archive 42 arXiv

43. Where / How to self-archive 43 arXiv

44. Where / How to self-archive ‣ Submission takes less than 5 minutes ‣ Head to http://arXiv.orghttp://arXiv.org ‣ Publication happens in a working day Unless held from moderators 44 arXiv

45. Where / How to self-archive 45 arXiv

46. Where / How to self-archive 46 arXiv - Hints ‣ Unless you understand CC licenses, ALWAYS select the arXiv.org license ‣ Never Public Domain. http://r6.ca/blog/20110930T012533Z.html http://r6.ca/blog/20110930T012533Z.html

47. Where / How to self-archive ‣ Transparency. Use the comments field Number pages, figures Based on another publication Sentences/links that the publisher wants, i.e., “The final publication is available at link.springer.com” ‣ Do not flood it 47 arXiv - Hints

48. Where / How to self-archive 48 arXiv - Hints

49. Where / How to self-archive ‣ How to prevent people to cite the arXiv version? It should never happen - Why would you cite a preprint instead of the peer-reviewed version? - Google Scholar can merge the citations - There is still nothing wrong with it Guide the readers. Use the comments and the paper itself 49 arXiv - Hints

50. Where / How to self-archive 50 arXiv - Hints

51. Where / How to self-archive 51 arXiv - Hints

52. 52 Why..should I self-archive? Where / How Tools to guide, archives When When is the time to self-archive? Conclusions Final remarks What Paywalls, eprints, Copyright, and self-archiving 1 2 3 4 5

53. When to self-archive ‣ Whenever you want ‣ Even before considering submission “Establish a precedent” Request comments ‣ Keep the eprint updated ‣ Check http://rchive.it and the Copyright Transfer Agreementhttp://rchive.it 53 Submitting to a journal

54. When to self-archive ‣ After acceptance ‣ After proceedings publication ‣ Why not before? Some conference organizers demand no prior publication of the work 54 Submitting to a conference

55. 55 Why..should I self-archive? Where / How Tools to guide, archives When When is the time to self-archive? Conclusions Final remarks What Paywalls, eprints, Copyright, and self-archiving 1 2 3 4 5

56. Final Remarks Self-archiving ‣ Is a WIN-WIN game Wider access to literature for EVERYONE More citations for the authors Easy and fast to perform 56

57. Final Remarks Self-archiving ‣ Permitted by most publishers ‣ Tools exist to help http://rchive.it http://arXiv.org 57

58. Final Remarks Self-archiving ‣ For journal articles always, if permitted ‣ For conference articles only after acceptance / publication, if permitted 58

59. Final Remarks ‣ No. But.. ‣..watch the repository license carefully General non-exclusive license to distribute is fine Creative Commons are powerful 59 Can it harm?

60. Final Remarks ‣ Creative Commons should be widely understood before using them - CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (attribution, noncommercial, sharealike) is interesting and a must for Open Access journals - Traditional journals may not like it - CC Public Domain Declaration may kill the paper - Especially for conference proceedings 60 Can it harm?

61. Is that all? ‣ We can talk about ‣ Open Access Green, Gold, and Hybrid ‣ Open Data ‣ Publishing research outputs (see http://figshare.com)http://figshare.com ‣ Making software citable (see http://openresearchsoftware.metajnl.com )http://openresearchsoftware.metajnl.com ‣ Publishing negative research ‣ Creative Commons Licenses ‣ graziotin@inf.unibz.it graziotin@inf.unibz.it ‣ http://task3.cc http://task3.cc 61 Absolutely not!

62. 62 Thank you for your attention Questions Interactive Demos

63. 63 1.Swan A, Carr L, (2008) Institutions, their repositories and the Web. Serials Review, 34 (1). 2.Swan A, Needham P, Probets S, Muir A, Oppenheim C, O’Brien, A, Hardy, R, Rowland, F, Brown, S (2005) Developing a model for e-prints and open access journal content in UK further and higher education. Learned Publishing, 18 (1). pp. 25-40. 3.Harnad, Stevan (2003). "Electronic preprints and postprints" 4.Graziotin D, Wang X, Abrahamsson P (2013) A Framework for Systematic Analysis of Open Access Journals and its Application in Software Engineering and Information Systems. arXiv:1308.2597. 5.Harnad S, Brody T, Vallières F, Carr L, Hitchcock S, Gingras Y, Oppenheim C, Hajjem Chawki, Hilf ER (2008) The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access: An Update. Serials Review 34(1): 36-40. DOI:10.1016/j.serrev.2007.12.005 6.Harnad S, Brody T (2004) Comparing the Impact of Open Access (OA) vs. Non-OA Articles in the Same Journals. DLib Magazine 10: 2–6. DOI: 10.1045/june2004-harnad 7.Eysenbach G (2006) Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles. PLoS Biol 4(5): e157. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157 8.Gargouri Y, Hajjem C, Larivière V, Gingras Y, Carr L, et al. (2010) Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality Research. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13636. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013636 9.Koehler W (2002) Web page change and persistence? A four-year longitudinal study. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 53:162–171. doi:10.1002/asi.10018 References