1. PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 05/09/2015 1 Some additional words about cloud computing Lionel Brunie National Institute of Applied Science (INSA) LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205 Lyon, France http://liris.cnrs.fr/lionel.brunie

2. PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 05/09/2015 2 What’s a Cloud ? "A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and consumers” (Buyya et al.) “A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet” (Foster et al.) Start point: October/November 2007 - IBM Blue Cloud

3. PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 05/09/2015 3 Visit of a Cloud vendor web site http://www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud/ « Values to customers include:  Reducing IT management complexity and skill requirements  Sharing resources among multiple applications  Accelerating application launches  Supporting both existing and emerging, data-intensive workloads »

4. PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 05/09/2015 4 Example: Amazon EC2/S3 Compute Cloud EC2 (Elastic Cloud Computing)  « Private » virtualized servers (« instances ») of different types  Example: High-CPU Extra Large Instance  7 GB of memory  20 EC2 Compute Units  1690 GB Storage  Pricing on a per hour basis for each instance type: from $0.084/hour for the smallest "On-Demand" virtual machine running Linux to 12x more for the largest one running Windows (Nov. 2009). The data transfer charge ranges from $0.08 to $0.15 per gigabyte, depending volume Data Cloud S3 (Simple Storage Service)  from $0.55 to $0.15 per GB-month, + bandwidth usage (from $0.08 to 0.15 per GB) + requests (from $0.01 to $0.1 per 1000 requests)  102 billion objects stored files (March 2010)  data transfer is charged by TB / month data transfer, depending on the source and target of such transfer.

5. PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 05/09/2015 5 IaaS, PaaS, SaaS Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)  provides computing environments/infrastructure i.e., hardware, software  the provisioned infrastructure can dynamically scale up and down depending on the actual needs  Amazon EC2 and S3 Platform as a Service (PaaS)  high-level integrated environment to build and deploy applications  restrictions on the type of applications  but scalable platform  Google’s App Engine for deploying Web applications Software as a Service (SaaS)  delivers software to consumers through the Internet  Salesforce: online CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Services ; Live Mesh from Microsoft: files and folders synchronization

6. PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 05/09/2015 6 Characteristics From the customer point of view:  Scalability  Reliability  Security and Privacy  Ubiquitous and fast access  Quality of Service  Service Level Agreement  Pricing system  Simple to use From the internal point of view  Virtualization  « Grid » management

7. PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 05/09/2015 7 Comparison of some cloud platforms From Foster et al.

8. PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 05/09/2015 8 A market oriented vision of a cloud based IT world From Buyya et al.