1. McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Computer Systems and Graphics Graphics

2. What is the goal of computer graphics? High level, why computer graphics? Lower level, what is the computer doing?

3. Generating Images Images are made up of pixels

4. RGB RGB Color cube (what we use in computer graphics) Other color spaces include HSV, YUV, YCrCb, and YIQ

5. The “goal” of computer graphics Solve the function –Red @ a pixel is f(i,j)=… –Green @ a pixel is f(i,j)=… –Blue @ a pixel is f(i,j)=…

6. Early Applications of Computer Graphics Data Visualization –Charts and Graphs

7. Early Applications of Computer Graphics Computer Aided Design (CAD) –Q: Why wireframe? Why these apps? –A: Better conceptualization, interaction, transfer of ideas

8. Computer Graphics Applications Virtual Reality –VR: User interacts and views with a 3D world using “more natural” means –Best VR? Data Visualization –Scientific, Engineering, Medical data –Visualizing millions to billions of data points –See trends –Different schemes

9. Computer Graphics Applications Education and Training –Models of physical, financial, social systems –Comprehension of complex systems Computer Art –Fine and commercial art –Performance Art –Aesthetic Computing –SIGGRAPH Games/Movies

10. Computer Graphics Applications Image Processing –~Inverse of Graphics –Start with a picture –Process picture information Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) –WIMP interface –HCI

11. Overview of Graphics Systems Images Hardware –Input Systems –Output Systems Software –OpenGL

12. Two Dimensional Images Images (at least the ones in this class) are two dimensional shapes. The two axes we will label as X (horizontal), and Y (vertical). X Axis Y Axis (0,0) +X +Y

13. Hardware Pipeline InputOutputComputation We want to draw a rectangle, how do we describe it to a computer? Model (n) - object description that a computer understands.

14. Partition the space (7,3) (7,9) (14,3) (14,9) Vertex (pl. Vertices) - a point in 2 or 3 dimensional space. 1. Define a set of points (vertices) in 2D space. 2. Given a set of vertices, draw lines between consecutive vertices.

15. Record every position Bitmap - a rectangular array of bits mapped one-to-one with pixels.

16. How do we do this?

17. Input Devices Locator Devices Keyboard Scanner –Images –Laser Cameras (research)

18. Locator Devices When queried, locator devices return a position and/or orientation. Mouse (2D and 3D) Trackball Joystick (2D and 3D)

19. Locator Devices When queried, locator devices return a position and/or orientation. Tablet Virtual Reality Trackers – Data Gloves – Digitizers

20. Keyboard Text input –List boxes, GUI –CAD/CAM –Modeling Hard coded –Vertex locations are inserted into code

21. Scanners Image Scanners - Flatbed, etc. –What type of data is returned? Bitmap Laser Scanners - Deltasphere –Emits a laser and does time of flight. Returns 3D point Camera based - research –Examine camera image(s) and try to figure out vertices from them.

22. Many others Light Pens Voice Systems Touch Panels Camera/Vision Based Which is best?

23. Common Modeling Approach Hybrid Animator jobs

24. Computation Stage Now that we have a model of what we want to draw, what goes on inside the computer to generate the output? InputOutputComputation Transformations Rasterization

25. Computation Stage Computation Transformations Rasterization Model Transformed Model Output

26. Displays in Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) –The display and a position tracker are attached to the user’s head Head-Tracked Displays (HTDs) –Display is stationary, tracker tracks the user’s head relative to the display. –Example: CAVE, Workbench, Stereo monitor

27. 3D Glasses 3D Display 3D Object

28. Graphics Software Special purpose software –AutoCAD –Medical Visualization –Paint –Photoshop –How about 3D modeling ?

29. 3D Computer Animation  Scientist and engineers used 3-D computer animation to produce graphic representations of the data.  Entertainment industry used computer animation and computer animation become popular.  In 1993, Hollywood released Jurassic Park which captured the public's imagination

31. What is 3-D Computer Animation? Computer animation consists of a series of individual images. These images are stored one at a time in the computer. They are viewed at the normal playback speed of 30 frames per second. The result is a moving picture, or animation. 3-D animation allows the viewer to move around the scene and change perspective over time.  An animator is required to ensure that the animation looks natural and believable.

32. Benefits Provided by 3-D Computer Animation  A computer animation can graphically simplify complex concepts which are difficult to visualize.  3-D computer animation captures attention.  It can communicate more information, at a faster rate, than an oral description can.  Best of all, information presented as moving images is retained by the viewer for a longer time and with greater accuracy

33. Benefits Provided by 3-D Computer Animation  A computer animation can re-create an event which is too expensive or too dangerous to reproduce, such as an aircraft accident.  It can re-create a scene which has been altered or which no longer exists, such as a building which has been demolished.  When used as an illustrative tool, computer animation can help the presenter maintain focus. It creates interesting presentation.

34. 3D Computer Animation Software  Maya  the industry standard high-end 3D computer program. Most of the popular computer games are made with Maya software. 3D Studio Max 3DS MAX –The world's most popular animation modeling, and rendering solution for film, television, games and design visualization Softimage, Lightwave Animator Studio

38. 3-D Computer Animation is growing! 3-D Computer Animation is the world’s fastest growing creative technology. 3-D dominates in the animated feature, game, special effect, interactive, and commercial industry Computer 3-D animation is taking over the film world –Computer Animated are breaking box office records –Computers are used for many of the special effects in live-action films, and digitized actors. The field of 3-D animated video, computer, and interactive games has grown amazingly

39. Principles of animation Animation is not easy. Each second of computer animated video has 30 separate images. The number of images that need to be generated to create even a very short film

40. Principles of animation Modeling: Building objects and creatures from primitive shapes, polygonal modeling, and/or sculpting with curves and points. Motion: Animating the objects and creatures you model using key frames, path and shape animation, simulation, deformation. Character Construction: Creating skeletons, attaching skins to skeletons. Color and Texture: Creating, importing, and applying multiple textures to objects/creatures; defining color, reflectivity, and transparency. Rendering: Lights, camera, compiling movies, adding sound.

41. Jobs: Motion Picture Production & Distribution Employment is projected to grow rapidly. Employment is centered in several major cities, particularly New York and Los Angeles Many workers have formal training, but experience, professionalism, talent, and creativity are the most important factors for getting many jobs in this industry

42. CAREERS in Computer Animation 3D Computer Modeler Animator Art Director Graphic Artist Interface Designer Multi Media Design Engineer

43. Some Example of Companies & Computer Animated Films Pixar The computer animation at Pixar have been around since 1984Pixar –Toy Story, –A Bug's Life –Monsters, Inc –Finding Nemo Disney Pictures Disney teamed up with Pixar to create filmsDisney Pictures Dreamworks Pixar's main competitorDreamworks –Shrek

44. Famous Computer Animated movies HARRY POTTER THE LORD OF THE RINGS THE MATRIX MEN IN BLACK MINORITY REPORT SCOOBY-DOO SOLARIS SPIDER-MAN STAR WARS

45. Resource Turgut Tezir, 3D Computer Animation www.cise.ufl.edu / CAP4730: Computational Structures in Computer Graphics