1. Chapters 4 and 5 Review

2. What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the surface of the heart? What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the surface of the heart? Visceral pericardium Visceral pericardium

3. What type of membrane would be found lining the nasal passages? What type of membrane would be found lining the nasal passages? Mucous membrane Mucous membrane

4. What type of membrane would be found around your knee joint? What type of membrane would be found around your knee joint? Synovial membrane Synovial membrane

5. What type of membrane is your skin? What type of membrane is your skin? Cutaneous membrane Cutaneous membrane

6. What type of membrane would line the cavity wall that houses the lungs? What type of membrane would line the cavity wall that houses the lungs? Parietal pleura Parietal pleura

7. How does skin protect its cells from UV radiation? How does skin protect its cells from UV radiation? Melanocytes produce melanin, surrounds cell nuclei. Melanocytes produce melanin, surrounds cell nuclei.

8. What is the name of the protein that keeps the skin waterproof, as well as keep it from drying out? What is the name of the protein that keeps the skin waterproof, as well as keep it from drying out? Keratin Keratin

9. Name the layers of the epidermis, starting from the surface. (thick skin) Name the layers of the epidermis, starting from the surface. (thick skin) Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale. Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale.

11. What type of cutaneous gland secretes into a hair follicle, and has the function of lubricating and softening skin and hair? What type of cutaneous gland secretes into a hair follicle, and has the function of lubricating and softening skin and hair? Sebaceous gland Sebaceous gland

12. What type of cutaneous gland secretes into a hair follicle, is regulated by hormones and the nervous system, and has a yet unknown function. What type of cutaneous gland secretes into a hair follicle, is regulated by hormones and the nervous system, and has a yet unknown function. Apocrine sweat gland Apocrine sweat gland

13. What type of cutaneous gland secretes onto the skin’s surface, and functions in thermoregulation? What type of cutaneous gland secretes onto the skin’s surface, and functions in thermoregulation? Eccrine sweat gland Eccrine sweat gland

14. What part of the hair shaft contains the various pigments, that gives hair its color? What part of the hair shaft contains the various pigments, that gives hair its color? medulla medulla

15. What part of the hair bulb is responsible for continual hair growth? What part of the hair bulb is responsible for continual hair growth? Hair matrix Hair matrix

16. Arrector pili muscles contract in response to what stimulus? Arrector pili muscles contract in response to what stimulus? Cold, frightened Cold, frightened

17. Why does the lunula appear white? Why does the lunula appear white? It is connected to the underlying tissues very tightly, little blood flow, no pink. It is connected to the underlying tissues very tightly, little blood flow, no pink.

18. What type of burn would you most likely find blisters? What type of burn would you most likely find blisters? 2 nd Degree burns 2 nd Degree burns

19. What type of burn would destroy dermal structures like hair follicles and glands? What type of burn would destroy dermal structures like hair follicles and glands? 3 rd Degree burn 3 rd Degree burn

20. Name the five functions of the skeletal system. Name the five functions of the skeletal system. Support for rest of body Support for rest of body Protection of underlying soft organs/tissues Protection of underlying soft organs/tissues Allow for movement with muscle attachment Allow for movement with muscle attachment Storage of fat in yellow marrow, calcium in matrix Storage of fat in yellow marrow, calcium in matrix Blood cell production, red and white. Blood cell production, red and white.

21. What type of bone would more likely be found where stresses come from many different directions? What type of bone would more likely be found where stresses come from many different directions? Spongy Bone Spongy Bone

23. What type of material are most bones made of in the womb, before ossification begins? What type of material are most bones made of in the womb, before ossification begins? Hyaline cartilage Hyaline cartilage

24. Name the three types of bone cells, what they do, and where they are found. Name the three types of bone cells, what they do, and where they are found. Osteocytes- mature bone cells, monitor surrounding matrix, lacuna Osteocytes- mature bone cells, monitor surrounding matrix, lacuna Osteoblasts- immature bone cells, make new bone, endosteum Osteoblasts- immature bone cells, make new bone, endosteum Osteoclasts- break down bone matrix, endosteum, central and perforating canals Osteoclasts- break down bone matrix, endosteum, central and perforating canals

37. What are the three functional categories of articulations? What are the three functional categories of articulations? Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

38. What are the three structural classifications of articulations? What are the three structural classifications of articulations? Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

39. What structure surrounds synovial joints? What structure surrounds synovial joints? Joint capsule Joint capsule

40. What is the function of bursae? What is the function of bursae? Protect underlying softer tissues. Protect underlying softer tissues.

41. What type of joint are your carpals? What type of joint are your carpals? Gliding, plane Gliding, plane

42. What type of joint is your elbow? What type of joint is your elbow? Hinge Hinge

43. What type of joint allows for the most range of motion? What type of joint allows for the most range of motion? Ball and socket Ball and socket

44. What arthritis is caused by age? What arthritis is caused by age? osteoarthritis osteoarthritis

45. What happens to the bone matrix of a person with osteoporosis? What happens to the bone matrix of a person with osteoporosis? Matrix breaks down, becomes less dense, is weakened. Matrix breaks down, becomes less dense, is weakened.