1. SKELETAL SYSTEM review

2. Major Functions
The skeletal system has several functions…

3. Major Functions Support Protection Muscle attachment Provide shape
Blood cell production
Storage of calcium

4. Generic Parts
Can you name some bone parts we have talked about in class???

5. Generic Parts Epiphysis Diaphysis Cartilage Marrow Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts

6. and marrow, which makes red and white blood cells
The long and short of it
Long bones contain:
compact bone
spongy bone
and marrow, which makes red and white blood cells

7. cartilage Connective tissue found in joints
Specialized cells called chondrocytes
Three types of cartilage
Elastic
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Does not contain blood vessels
Functions like a rubber cushion at ends of joints

8. The skeleton is divided into two sections

9. Two sections Axial Appendicular
Bones of the pelvis, arms, legs, hands, feet, clavicles, scapulae

10. The Axial skeleton

11. Another name for the skull is…
The skull consists of several bones that have fused together at joints called sutures.
Frontal
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

12. Another name for the skull is…
The cranium

13. Facial bones
The eye sockets are also called orbits.
The mandible is also called the jaw bone.

14. Rib cage Provides protection to heart & lungs
How many ribs are there???
The tip of the sternum is called the xiphoid.
This part is cartilage.

15. Rib cage 12 pairs All attached to the spine
10 pairs attached to the sternum
2 pairs of “floating ribs”

16. Spine - Vertebrae Cervical – 7 Thoracic – 12 Lumbar – 5 Sacrum
Coccyx – 1-3

17. Appendicular skeleton
In addition to the pelvis, arm, leg, hand, and foot bones, the clavicles and scapulae are included in this division

18. Pelvis
You will notice the sacrum and coccyx here also…

19. Pelvis
Ilium – iliac crest
Ischium
Pubis – symphysis

20. Arm
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

21. Leg Femur – head, neck, greater and lesser trochanter Patella
Tibia – medial ankle “bone”
Fibula – lateral ankle “bone”
Tarsals – talus, calcaneus
Metatarsals
Phalanges

22. Types of Fractures Simple – break thru bone
Compound – bone end thru skin

23. Types of Fractures
Greenstick – bent bone
Comminuted – splintered bone

24. Types of Fractures Impacted – bone pieces pressed together
Spiral – break caused by twist

25. Types of Fractures
Depressed
Colles – fracture of the distal radius

26. Joint Types Synarthroses – immovable (such as cranial bones)
Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable (such as synthesis pubis)
Diathroses – freely moveable

27. Diathroses Joints Hinge – elbow, knee, fingers, toes
Pivot – axis, forearm
Saddle – thumb
Condyloid – wrist, ankle
Ball and Socket – shoulder, hip
Gliding - vertebrae

28. Diseases/Disorders Sprain – stretched or torn ligament or tendon
Arthritis – inflamed joint
Osteomyelitis – infected bone
Osteoporosis – loss of bone density
Bone cancer
Subluxation - dislocation

29. The End