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The Parthenon Classical Period, Athens Doric Style.

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Presentation on theme: "The Parthenon Classical Period, Athens Doric Style."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Parthenon Classical Period, Athens Doric Style

2 Agora, Acropolis, Polis Agora: marketplace where people gathered to conduct business and political affairs as well as to socialize. Agora: marketplace where people gathered to conduct business and political affairs as well as to socialize. Acropolis: fortified hilltop where temples and shrines were located; Greek rulers usually resided there. Acropolis: fortified hilltop where temples and shrines were located; Greek rulers usually resided there. Polis: a small, well-defined city-state; the basic political unit of ancient Greece. Polis: a small, well-defined city-state; the basic political unit of ancient Greece.

3 Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission Athenian Acropolis (Background) and Agora (foreground)

4 Parthenon 448 – 432 B.C.E Architects: Ictinus and Callicrates Architects: Ictinus and Callicrates Material: white marble Material: white marble Pericles: Athenian leader used money collected from Delian League, mutual defense fund of Athenian city-states for use against the Persians. Pericles: Athenian leader used money collected from Delian League, mutual defense fund of Athenian city-states for use against the Persians. Parthenon replaced temple destroyed by Persians Parthenon replaced temple destroyed by Persians

5 Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission The Parthenon:

6 A brief history Parthenon has served as: Greek Temple Greek Temple Byzantine (Orthodox) Church Byzantine (Orthodox) Church Catholic Cathedral Catholic Cathedral Mosque (under Turkish rule) Mosque (under Turkish rule)

7 A little more history: 1687: gunpowder stored in cella by Turks exploded; left Parthenon in ruins. 1687: gunpowder stored in cella by Turks exploded; left Parthenon in ruins. 1801-1803: British Lord Elgin removed much of the remaining sculpture and brought it back to England. It is now housed in the British Museum. 1801-1803: British Lord Elgin removed much of the remaining sculpture and brought it back to England. It is now housed in the British Museum.

8 Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission The Parthenon

9 Classical Doric Architecture: Austerity, Balance, Grace A. Stepped Platform A. Stepped Platform Stereobate (lower two steps) Stereobate (lower two steps) Stylobate (third step where columns rested) Stylobate (third step where columns rested) B. Columns B. Columns Shaft (with vertical grooves called fluting) Shaft (with vertical grooves called fluting) Capital (“flaring, cushion-like echinus; square tablet abacus) Capital (“flaring, cushion-like echinus; square tablet abacus)

10 Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission The Parthenon: Stylobate, Columns (Shaft, Capital) Stylobate Shaft Capitals

11 Fluted Column, Temple Precinct near Step Pyramid of Djoser, ca 2600 B.C.E. Some Scholars theorize that Ancient Greeks were following Ancient Egyptian model Photo: M. Griffin

12 Photo: M. Griffin, Saqqara Step Pyramid of Djoser: First successful large stone building in the world

13 Classical Doric Architecture: continued C. Entablature: Everything that rests on columns C. Entablature: Everything that rests on columns 1. Architrave (series of stone blocks resting on columns) 2. Frieze - bands of designs and figures: metopes - with blank squares; metopes - with blank squares; triglyphs - with vertical lines triglyphs - with vertical lines 3. Cornice – projecting beyond frieze; horizontal on sides; forming pediments at either end. 4. Pediments – triangles formed by cornices on facades.

14 Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission The Parthenon: Entablature Cornice Pediment Frieze Architrave

15 Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission Parthenon, Interior, East End

16 Theatre of Dionysos, Athens, Greece; seen from the slope of the Acropolis Author: BishkekRocksJune 2005 PD: SelfBishkekRocks http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Athen_Dionysos-Theater.JPG

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