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INFSCI 1052
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Start with a template base structure Think about how to structure your document using headers, paragraphs, divs, unordered lists, imgs. Typically a page has a header section, a main section and a footer section. Here is a page that lists some different HTML tags and shows how they can be used. Some of this will be a repeat from before but some will be new.: http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_example s.asp http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_example s.asp
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Welcome to Pitt Welcome to Pitt – This is the text the user sees ……….. - This is the actual opening and closing anchor tag href="http://www.pitt.edu" - This is the full web address So the page loads and the user sees a link and clicks on it and goes to a new web page associated with the specified web address
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What does your directory structure look like for your homework page? html directory is10 52directory index.html --this is your homework page webpage.html -- these are homework assignments javascript.xxx database.xxx Because your webpage.html, javascript.xxx and database.xxx all live in the same directory as index.html your anchor tags in the index.html file simply look like What user sees You don't need the full web address of http://www.pitt.edu/~username/is10/webpage.html.
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A common directory structure scheme is to put all of your images into an image directory. html directory is1052 --directory index.html -- homework page hw1.html –first homework image --directory collie.jpg -- picture pug.jpg -- picture Path to the pug file from an anchor tag in the hw1.html file: My Lovable Pug html directory i s1052 directory image dir: collie.jpg pug.jpg
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Unix based system are brutal about two things: Case Be careful when using lower case and upper case For ex: these are two different files: Index.html and index.html Spaces Unix does not like spaces in file names Good: my_web_page.html Not so good: my web page.html File extensions – they tell the computer how to interpret your document .html – for web pages .docx – for Word doc .accdb – Access Database .txt – plain text
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Once you have chosen an image right click and choose save as to save the file to your computer. In most cases your image will not be the right size. You can resize an image by setting the height and width attributes in the img tag. Not good idea. The measurements are in pixels Try to keep the height and width proportion equal to the original There are online image resize websites: http://www.picresize.com/ http://www.picresize.com/ http://www.shrinkpictures.com/ http://www.shrinkpictures.com/ http://www.resizeyourimage.com/ http://www.resizeyourimage.com/
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http://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?fil ename=tryhtml_hr http://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?fil ename=tryhtml_hr This page demos adding the tag It’s a separator Also, when looking at a web page if you right click you will see a menu option to view source.
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http://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?fil ename=tryhtml_poem http://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?fil ename=tryhtml_poem This demonstrates that browsers pay attention to the initial space in our html code but ignore multiple spaces. http://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?fil ename=tryhtml_pre http://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?fil ename=tryhtml_pre But we have a way of fixing the space problem if we want to.
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Remember that we can create styles and place them in the head section of our document and apply the style to a tag on our page.... styles go here
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A style syntax looks like the following: selector {property: value;} The selector is the name of the tag such as div, p, ul The property represents a list of different things we can affect such as color, font, size The value is how much do want to affect something P {color:blue;} – here we made the text color of paragraphs blue. A list of CSS properties: http://www.htmlhelp.com/reference/css/proper ties.html http://www.htmlhelp.com/reference/css/proper ties.html
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Start with simple styles Change the color of the text– p{color:blue;} Specify the size of your h1 or h2 or h3 etc h2{font-size:10px;} Pick a web safe font to use for your page p{font-family:"Times New Roman",Georgia,Serif;} Center your page #mainpage{width:800px; margin:0 auto;} Here is an example of a surrounding all of the html between the body tags.
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Float a div with an image in it to the left or right div#collie {float:left;} Here we have a div tag with an id of collie: Use margins to create space on top, right, bottom or left of a tag div#collie{margin-left:10px;} Create a background color for a tag p {background-color:#33ccee;} Check out the link for possible colors: http://www.hypergurl.com/colormatch.php http://www.hypergurl.com/colormatch.php
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When you want to target only one tag then use an id: div#footer {color:blue;} -------------------------------------- <div id = "footer") stuff…………. When you want to apply a style to multiple tags then use a class p.makebig{ font-size:30px;} I look big I look big too I look regular size Notice a # sign for id and a period. for a class.
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There are many websites dedicated to teaching CSS W3C Schools is very popular: http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_examples.asp http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_examples.asp Tizag is good too http://www.tizag.com/cssT/ http://www.tizag.com/cssT/ Code Academy is a little different style http://www.codecademy.com/tracks/web http://www.codecademy.com/tracks/web Code school is another site: http://www.codecademy.com/tracks/web http://www.codecademy.com/tracks/web They charge after the into sessions(s) LYNDA.com- Free and Great videos on everything IT: http://technology.pitt.edu/help/lynda/lynda- login.html http://technology.pitt.edu/help/lynda/lynda- login.html
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Here are some CSS examples to learn from: www.w3schools.com/CSS/css_examples.asp www.w3schools.com/CSS/css_examples.asp This is a good reference list and each week in class we will be learning some of these techniques. Start with some of the basics before moving onto the more complicated. Make your own list of techniques and commands that you have begun to master Success in this class depends upon you taking the time to practice and learn different CSS techniques. .
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Universal Selector Uses the * Ex: *{color:red;} All text in the document will be red unless overridden Affects all elements Also acts as the reverse of the child selector p * em { font-size:12px} All ems that are NOT a direct child of p. They must at least be a grandchild From Stylin by Charles Wyke-Smith
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Pseudo Classes Most often used with hyperlinks They are called pseudo because they don’t have a direct tag they are attached to in the markup. Four pseudo classes: ▪ Link – waiting to be clicked ▪ Visited – has been clicked ▪ Hover – cursor over link ▪ Active – currently being clicked Order is important! – Think LoVeHAte.
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Pseudo Classes You can use elements other than the anchor tag ▪ For example you can make a paragraph change text color or background color when the cursor hovers over it ▪ Caution: IE6 only supports hovers over links Example: ▪ a:link {color:blue;} ▪ a:visited {color:red;} ▪ a:hover {font-size:22px;} ▪ a:active {color:green;}
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Group Exercise: List, describe and write a style exampleof your top ten CSS techniques. Ex; 1) Select paragraphs and headers and control the color of the text. p { color:#3344CC;} h1 {color:#445533;} 2) Center a web page First wrap the html tags in a div with an id of mainpage. Then apply the following style div#mainpage { width:800px; margin: 0 auto;} Be ready to justify your choices.
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