1. #eframe e-Frame Convergence Report Jan Pieter Smits Rutger Hoekstra Niels Schoenaker Statistics Netherlands Jan Pieter Smits Rutger Hoekstra Niels Schoenaker Statistics Netherlands

2. Number of systems to measure SD/progress (Cumulative) 2

3. Question to the audience 3

4. Number of countries with national income estimates 4 Econometric models Keynes theory Input-output analysis

5. GDP and Beyond: Why convergence? –Arguments for convergence ‐One message for society ‐International comparability ‐Working together –Arguments against convergence ‐Countries have different preferences (Stakeholder involvement) –Misconceptions ‐It is just a matter of choosing one of the current systems ‐Convergence leaves no flexibility ‐This is the golden ticket to success in GDP and Beyond ‐The convergence process needs to be started now 5

6. Stocktaking of convergence initiatives 6 SCALE LEVEL STAKEHOLDER Sustainable development, Wellbeing, Happiness, Sustainability, Green Growth, Resource efficiency, Corporate Social Responsibility, Integrated reporting, Footprint etc. NationalGovernment RegionalRegional government CompanyCompanies ProductConsumers Conceptual convergence Horizontal convergence Vertical convergence Example: Measuring what matters (UK) CBS/GRI/TSC (The Netherlands) Example: System of Environmental and Economic accounts (SEEA) Global Reporting Initiative

7. Conceptual convergence (National level) 7 ProgressSustainable developmentGreen Growth “Here and now”“Later” (Sustainability)“Elsewhere” Well-beingEconomic capital Natural capital Human capital Social capital Capital approach /Wealth accounting (World Bank) (mid 90s) UNECE/Eurostat/OECD WG on Statistics on Sustainable development (2005-2009) Stiglitz-Sen-Fittousi report (2009)/Sponsorship Group (Eurostat/INSEE) CES recommendations (UNECE-Eurostat-OECD (2009-2013) Conceptual model is: -Consistent to National Accounts -Linked to economic models

8. Number of systems to measure SD/progress (Cumulative) 8

9. Case study: Measurement systems SD/progress –Database ‐12 composites (economic and non-economic) ‐43 Sustainable Development Indicator Sets 24 out of 28 EU countries 9

10. SD at national level: SDI sets 10

11. SD at national level: Popular indicators 11 ThemesMost used indicator TH1. Subjective well-beingLife satisfaction TH2. Consumption and incomeGross Domestic Product TH3. NutritionDrinking water TH4. HealthLife expectancy at birth TH5. LabourUnemployment rate TH6. EducationEducational attainment TH7. HousingHousing quality TH8. LeisureLeisure time TH9. Physical safetyRecorded crime TH10. Land and ecosystemsProtected areas TH11. WaterWater quality TH12. Air qualityAcidifying emissions TH13. ClimateGHG emissions TH14. Energy resourcesEnergy intensity TH15. Mineral resourcesGeneration of waste TH16. TrustVoluntary work TH17. InstitutionsVoter turnout in elections TH18. Physical capitalGross fixed capital formation TH19. Knowledge capitalR&D expenditures TH20. Financial capitalGovernment debt

12. SD at national level: Country differences 12 Biased to higher income countriesBiased to lower income countries Obesity prevalenceWastewater treatment Official Development AssistanceSanitation Physical exerciseDrinking water Smoking prevalenceLand degradation Mental well-beingBiofuel Voluntary workLiteracy rate Family/friends/neighboursE-government

13. Conclusions –We can learn from the history of National accounts/GDP –Bad news ‐Convergence takes a long time ‐Adoption takes even longer ‐Can we really wait several decades? –Good news ‐Convergence has already started ‐Despite their differences there are many similarities ofsystems –Comments? ‐Draft report ready by end of February ‐Want to review? r.hoekstra@cbs.nl.hoekstra@cbs.nl ‐June 2014- final version 13

14. SD at national level: Composites 59% 14