1. Chapter 14
The Age of Reform

2. Abolitionist
A person who strongly favors doing away with slavery (p. 418)

3. 2. Civil Disobedience
Refusal to obey laws that are considered unjust as a nonviolent way to press for changes (p. 566)

4. 3. Second Great Awakening
A revival of religious feeling and belief in the 1820s and that emphasized the role that individuals played in their own societies.

5. 3b. How did it contribute to reform movements?
Religious groups had an increased sense of confidence in themselves and their country. Women took active roles in church and missionary societies.

6. 4. Temperance movement
A public campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol

7. 5. Underground Railroad
A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North (p. 422)

8. 6. How was the women’s rights movement an offshoot of the antislavery movement?
Neither group had rights to vote, so the women supported the anti-slavery movement and were vocal opponents.
As they fought to end slavery, they recognized their own bondage.

9. 7. What did women at the Seneca Falls Convention demand?
Women to be allowed to enter the all-male world of trades, professions, and businesses.
They called for an end to all laws that discriminated against women.

10. 8. What conditions did Dorothea Dix find in the Massachusetts prisons?
Prisoners were chained to walls
Little if any clothing
Many were mentally ill, not guilty of any crime

11. 9. Why did reformers seek to expand public education in the 1820s?
Only New England had free elementary education.
Many poor people could not afford to send their children to school, and were too prideful to ask for help

12. 10. Why did temperance groups want to end the drinking of alcohol?
The groups blamed alcohol for poverty, breakup of families, and even insanity.

13. Chapter 14.1
Social Reforms

14. Communities based on a vision of a perfect society
14. Utopian
Communities based on a vision of a perfect society

15. 15. Name of most famous community
New Harmony, Indiana

16. 16. Founder
Robert Owen

17. 17. Most successful community
Mormons

18. Temperance – War Against Alcohol
18. Leader – Lyman Beecher

19. Education – Education for Some
19. First state to support schools with tax money: Massachusetts
20. Mann’s recommendations:
Longer school year (6 months)
Better school curriculum
Doubled teacher’s salaries
Better training for teachers

20. Higher Education
21. Religious groups founded most colleges between 1820 and 1850
22. Amherst and Holy Cross (Mass.), Trinity and Weslayan (Conn.)
23. Oberlin College is special because it admitted women and African Americans
24. Mt. Holyoke - 1st permanent women’s college
25. Ashmun Institute – 1st college for African Americans

21. People with Special Needs
26. Thomas Gallaudet – developed a method to educate people who were hearing impaired, opened the Hartford School for the Deaf in Connecticut in
27. Samuel Gridley Howe: Headed the Perkins Institute, school for the blind, in Boston. Developed books with large raised letters that people with vision impairment could “read” with their fingers (Braille)

22. Cultural Trends
28. Transcendentalists: Stressed the relationship between humans & nature, along with the importance of the individual conscience.

23. Ch. 14.2
Abolition

24. Early Efforts to End Slavery
29. American Colonization Society
A. Founder: group of white Virginians
B. Plan: To free enslaved workers gradually by buying them from slaveholders and sending them abroad to start new lives.

25. Clashes over Abolition, Opposition in the North, The South Reacts
30. South – slaveholders and many Southerners who did NOT own slaves, opposed abolition because they believed it threatened the South’s way of life, which depended on enslaved labor.
31. North – saw the antislavery movement as a threat to the nation’s social order. Afraid abolitionists could bring a destructive war between North & South. Claimed if slaves were freed, they could never blend into American society.

26. Clashes over Abolition, Opposition in the North, The South Reacts (cont)
31a. The North Star was written by: Frederick Douglass in an anti-slavery movement.
31.b The New England Anti-Slavery Society was started by William Lloyd Garrison.

27. Chapter 14.3
Women’s Rights

28. The Movement Grows 32. suffrage – vote
33. Leaders and what they wanted
A. Lucretia Mott – Quaker wanted temperance, peace, workers’ rights, and abolition. Organized the Philadelphia Anti-Slavery Society

29. The Movement Grows (cont)
B. Elizabeth Cady Stanton –wanted women to have the right to vote
C. Susan B. Anthony – a Quaker from rural New York worked for women’s rights and temperance.

30. Marriage and Family Laws
34. Changes by the 1800s (3)
New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Wisconsin, Mississippi, & the new state of California recognized the right of women to own property after their marriage
Some states has laws letting women share guardianship of their children jointly with their husbands.

31. Marriage & Family Laws (cont.)
Indiana – 1st state to let women divorce if their husbands were alcohol abusers

32. Breaking Barriers 35. First woman doctor: Elizabeth Blackwell
She was turned down by over 20 schools.
Graduated at the head of her class at Geneva College in New York

33. Outline I. Section 1 Social Reform A. The Reforming Spirit
1. The Religious Influence
2. War Against Alcohol
B. Reforming Education
1. Education for Some
2. Higher Education
3. People with Special Needs

34. Section 2 – The Abolitionists
I. Early Efforts to End Slavery
A. American Colonization Society
II. The Movement Changes
A. William Lloyd Garrison
B. The Grimke Sisters
C. African American Abolitionists
D. Frederick Douglass
E. Sojourner Truth
III. The Underground Railroad
A. Clashes Over Abolitionism
B. Opposition in the North
C. The South Reacts

35. Section 3 – The Women’s Movement
I. Women and Reform A. The Seneca Falls Convention B. The Movement Grows II. Progress By American Women A. Education B. Marriage and Family Laws C. Breaking Barriers