1. Hemispheres

2. What hemispheres do we live in?

3. Latitude and Longitude
To find an exact place on a map or on Earth, you need crossing lines that create an intersection.
coordinates
grid system
known as the latitude and longitude grid

4. Latitude and Longitude
Places can be exactly located using coordinates and plotting them on a “grid”.
latitude and longitude
Measured in degrees, minutes and seconds
(360° ' ")

5. Horizontal like rungs on a ladder
Long, tall vertical lines

6. Latitude Also called “parallels”
horizontal “rings” that circle around the globe.
They are equal distances apart.
1° degree of latitude = 65 miles or 111 km
Go from 0° to 90° north (North Pole)
0° to 90° south (South Pole)

8. Longitude Also called meridians. Meridians meet at the poles.
They are measured from zero or prime meridian.
Lines are measured going
east from 0° to 180°
west from 0° to 180°
Distances between longitude lines are NOT equal.
At equator one degree equals 111 km (65 miles)
At 45°, one degree equals 79 km ( 49 miles)
At the North pole, one degree equals ZERO km!

11. Where/what is this line on the ground??

12. The Prime Meridian
Located at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England
0 degrees longitude
Runs through countries such as … (this is where you look them up on the globe or map)
Where on earth is 0° latitude and 0° longitude located?

14. UTM Some of the advantages of UTM coordinates include... Square grids
East-West units of measure are the same as North-South units
Decimal based, no fussing with minutes and seconds.
Coordinates translate directly to distances on the ground.
Coordinate precision is easily understood. No need to wonder what distance a tenth of a second of longitude represents.
It's easy to abbreviate coordinates when working in a small area.

15. Map Scale Maps are not drawn to the same scale as the world (duh)
There has to be an amount of reduction in size
Ratio of the distance between two points on the map compared to the actual ground distance
Map Scale = Map Distance
Earth Distance
map distance : ground distance

16. 3 types of map scales

18. 1: map scale
1 inch on the map = 24,000 inches on the ground!
24,000 inches = 2000 feet

19. 1:100,000 scale
1 cm = 100,000 cm
or 1 kilometer on the surface.

20. A map of the world has a scale of 1: 46,000,000 !!!!

21. U.S.A. Map would have a scale of 1: 5,000,000

22. A map of Illinois
would have a scale of
1: 500,000

23. A map of Kendall County would have a scale of 1: 62,500

24. Oswego town map would have a scale of 1: 1000

25. Large –scale map Small-scale map Shows a small area with
a lot of detail.
Good for urban areas, towns, streets or hiking.
Example: 1:10,000
Large enough to see details
Small-scale map
Shows a LARGE area with
very little detail.
Good for world maps or large regions such as North America.
Example: 1:1,000,000
Too small to see details