1. Wayne Lombard BSpSc (Hons) Biokinetics, CSCS (NSCA) Presently Studying MPhil Biokinetics (UCT ESSM) Discovery High Performance Centre, Sports Science Institute of South Africa Managing Athlete Performance: The Science of Monitoring Coaches Conference, UWC Cape Town, 2012

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3. A Paradigm Shift Moving away from using sports science as a “one-stop-shop” Is a key into the marriage between coaches and scientists…. By recognizing that it is now a 24 hour 365 day a year job! 3

4. CompensationTraining LoadIntensityFrequencyVolumeNutritionR&R Why is Monitoring becoming so important? It is a method of assessing the imbalances between training stressors and recovery

5. Overtraining vs. Overreaching 5 Overtraining is a physical, behavioral, and emotional condition that occurs when the volume and intensity of an individual's exercise exceeds their recovery capacity OR Untreated or Long term overreaching Overtraining is a physical, behavioral, and emotional condition that occurs when the volume and intensity of an individual's exercise exceeds their recovery capacity OR Untreated or Long term overreaching Overreaching An accumulation of training and/or non-training stress resulting in a short-term decrement in performance capacity with or without related physiological and psychological signs and symptoms of overtraining BUT a recovery phase allows for super- compensation to occur Overreaching An accumulation of training and/or non-training stress resulting in a short-term decrement in performance capacity with or without related physiological and psychological signs and symptoms of overtraining BUT a recovery phase allows for super- compensation to occur

6. Overtraining 6 The summative effect of all the stressors will depend on the intensity, nature, duration and distribution over time of the stress This definition allows one to recognize that there are different types of stress e.g. social, psychological and physiological.

7. How do we detect Overtraining? 7 Science has as yet not set up a sensitive gauge of overtraining that is non invasive, inexpensive and applicable to all athletes. Scientists tell us therefore to monitor indicators of fatigue.

8. Selected Indicators: 8 FOUR CATEGORIES Psychological / Physiological / Biomechanical / Immunological 1.Change in mood states 2.lethargy 3.Insomnia 4.Loss of appetite 5.Impaired physical performance 6.Gradual weight loss 7.Poor co-ordination 8.Increase in morning HR >5 beats 9.Slower recovery in HR after exertion 10.Heavy legs, limited recovery 11.Inc/dec concentration of specific blood molecules 12.Alterations in immune function

9. Athlete Management 9 The long and short term management of our athletes is the key to performance. How do we ensure that we have positive adaptations to your training prescription? Periodisation is a plan for conditioning, based on the manipulation of VOLUME and INTENSITY of physical work and other variables, over a specific period of time. The goal of periodisation is to plan in advance to achieve peak performance at a specific time without overtraining or injury

10. Periodization helps an Athlete adapt to training demands. Adaptation level Sub-optimal: Diet Recovery management Training Adaptation Failure Over Training / load To low a load or stress on body Alarm Stage

11. Periodization is Key! Off Season (5 Months) Pre Season (2 Months) In Season ( 4 Months) Active Rest (1 Month) Macro Cycle (1 year long ) Meso Cycle 1Meso Cycle 2Meso Cycle 3Meso Cycle 4 Meso Cycle 1Meso Cycle 2Meso Cycle 3Meso Cycle 4 127965348101 12 1234 Micro cycles

12. How have we put it all together? 12

13. 13 AMAS Athlete Monitoring & Assessment System “Brining Science to life”

14. 14 Integration of subjective data compared to objective physiological responses to exercise & recovery

15. Subjective Data 15

16. Subjective Data Capturing 16

17. Subjective Data Capturing 17

18. Objective Data: Physiological Responses 18 Heart rate monitoring Use of HR zones (accumulated time spent in each heart rate zone) TRIMP % Heart rate reserve Orthostatic Morning HR Recovery heart rates Heart rate variability

19. Objective Data: Physiological Responses 19 Heart rate recovery (Borreson and Lambert 2007)

20. Objective Data: Physiological Responses 20 The HIMS is a system which quantifies training volume, intensity and subjective feelings of fatigue in relation to Heart rate recovery levels

21. Objective Data: Physiological Responses 21

22. Practical Example 22

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26. 26 Monitoring is to elite sport what accounting is to business – constant, accurate and ongoing measurement so that decision-making and training programmes can be optimised.

27. 27 Thank You