1. Kingdom Anamalia

2. Characteristics of Animals Multicelled heterotrophic eukaryotes Require oxygen for aerobic respiration Reproduce sexually, and perhaps asexually Motile at some stage Develop from embryos

3. Major Animal Phyla Chordates Echinoderms Arthropods Annelids Mollusks Rotifers Roundworms Flatworms Cnidarians Sponges Multicelled Ancestry Radial Ancestry Bilateral Ancestry Coelomate Ancestry Single-celled, protistanlike ancestors Figure 25.2 Page 415

4. Symmetry Radial Bilateral Figure 25.3 Page 416 dorsal posterior ventral anterior

5. The Gut Region where food is digested and then absorbed Saclike gut –One opening for taking in food and expelling waste Complete digestive system –Opening at both ends; mouth and anus

6. Body Cavities - Acoelomate epidermis gut cavity no body cavity; region between gut and body wall packed with organs Figure 25.4a Page 417

7. Body Cavities - Pseudocoel epidermis gut cavity unlined body cavity (pseudocoel) around gut Figure 25.4b Page 417

8. Body Cavities - Coelom gut cavity peritoneum lined body cavity (coelom) Figure 25.4c Page 417

9. Body Cavities - Coelom gut cavity peritoneum lined body cavity (coelom) Figure 25.4c Page 417

10. Animal Origins Originated during the Precambrian (1.2 billion - 670 million years ago) From what? Two hypotheses: –Multinucleated ciliate became compartmentalized –Cells in a colonial flagellate became specialized

11. Kingdom Anamalia Multicellular Heterotrophic Sexual reproduction Produce gametes in sex organs, gonads 95% lack a backbone and are called invertebratees Vertebrates aare a subphylum within the phylum chordata Aquatic and terrestrial tissues organized into organs

12. Internal Organization

14. The Protostomes Molluscs (Phylum Mollusca): shellfish such as clams and limpets, snails, slugs, octopus, and squid. segmented worms (Phylum Annelida): earthworms, many marine worms that may be free-swimming or live in tunnels or tubes, and leeches arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda): the most diverse group of animals, which includes insects, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, centipedes, millipedes, and crustaceans (aquatic organisms like shrimp and lobster.)

15. Phylum Mollusca Mollusks have 3 body regions: a head, a visceral mass, and a "foot.“

16. Bilateral, soft-bodied, coelomate Most have a shell or reduced version of one Mantle drapes over body and secretes shell Most have a fleshy foot Many have a radula for shredding food Mollusks: Phylum Mollusca

17. Gastropods Chitins Bivalves Cephalopods Molluscan Diversity

18. Twisting of body parts during larval development Occurs only in gastropods Torsion mouth anus gill Figure 25.18 Page 426

19. Body Plan of a Snail gill anus radula foot mantle cavity digestive gland mantle heart Figure 25.18 Page 426

20. Body Plan of a Clam mouth retractor muscle left mantle retractor muscle foot palps left gill shell Figure 25.21 Page 429

22. The coelom is a body cavity, within which internal organs can develop, which is completely lined with a middle layer of tissue in the body called mesoderm and distinct from the outer layer that makes up the skin (the ectoderm tissue) and the inner layer that makes up the digestive tract (the endoderm tissue.)

23. Class Amphineura “Chitons”

24. Characteristics Eight dorsal plates Reduced head One Foot Radula for scraping rocks

25. Class Gastropoda “Snails, limpets, abalones, slugs”

26. Spiraled Shell

27. Class Bivalvia (Cephalopoda) “clams, oysters and mussels”

28. Bivalvia Shell of two valves Head Reduced Gills No radula and filter feeders

29. Class Cephalopoda “Squid,octopi, chambered nautilus” Shell external, internal or absent Foot modified into eight arms and some with two tentacles mantle muscular and forms a siphon for “jet” propulsion radula modified as a beak excellent vision All marine

31. Cuttlefish Body Plan Closed circulatory system with heart and accessory heart stomachkidney esophagus digestive gland brain arm jaw tentacleradula siphon anus ink sac gill heart accessory heart reproductive organ mantle internal shell Figure 25.22 Page 429

34. Segmented, coelomate worms Class Polychaeta Class Oligochaeta Class Hirudinea Annelids: Phylum Annelida

35. Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”

36. Class Polycheata “Bristle Worms” Many setae born on parapodia Relatively well devloped head Sedentary (tube dwelling) Errant (Swimmers or crawlers All are marine

37. Polychaetes Most are marine Bristles extend from paired, fleshy parapods on each segment Head end is specialized Fig. 25.24c Page 430 “jaws” toothlike structures pharynx (everted) antenna palp (food handling) tentacle eyes chemical- sensing pit parapod

39. Class Oligochaeta “Earthworms and Freshwater Annelids” Few setae borne on parapodia Reduced head Terrestrial and Fresh water

40. No parapodia, few bristles per segment Earthworm - An Oligochaete Nerve cord Dorsal blood vessel Nephridium Coelom Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Seta (retracted) Figure 25.25a Page 431

41. Earthworm Nephridium bladderlike storage region of nephridium nephridium’s thin loop reabsorbs some solutes, relinquishes them to blood blood vessels body wall external pore (fluid containing wastes discharged here) funnel (coelomic fluid with waste enters here) Figure 25.25b Page 431

42. Earthworm Circulatory System Hearts Figure 25.25c Page 431

43. Earthworm Digestive System Pharynx Esophagus Crop Gizzard Coelomic chambers Mouth Figure 25.25d Page 431

44. Earthworm Nervous System Brain Nerve cord Figure 25.25e Page 431

49. Class Hirudinea “Leeches” Body Flattened Anterior and Posterior Suckers Constant number of segments (32 or 33) Predatory or parasitic Anticoagulant No setae Most freshwater, Few terrestrial

50. Predators and parasites Less obvious body segmentation Most have sharp jaws Leeches - Class Hirudinea